SISTER CALLISTA ROYS ADAPTATION A Holistic Approach to

SISTER CALLISTA ROY’S ADAPTATION A Holistic Approach to. MODEL Nursing

History of Model � In 1970 while developing curriculum for nursing students Callista Roy presented a conceptual framework of her model. In 1976 the first edition of, “Introduction to Nursing: An Adaptation Model” appeared and was followed by a second edition in 1984. She once again updated her writing in 1999. (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 313)

Concepts of Roy’s Adaptation Model � 1. The person is viewed as a holistic system � 2. The internal and external stimuli of the environment affects a persons behavior. � 3. Health and wellness are affected by a persons ability to adapt. � 4. The nurse manipulates the environment to assist the person/patient to adapt. � (Weiland, 2010, p 282)

Roy’s Modes of Adaptation � � � Humans are: Physiological- requiring maintenance of basic human needs. Self conceptual-requiring maintenance of the mind. Self functional- adapting to changes, personal roles and maintaining self perception. Interdependent- relationship with others, finding a balance of independence and interdependence (Nursing Theory, 2011 http: //nursing-theory. org)

Assumptions � � � Humans are bio-psycho-social beings Humans live in a ever changing environment Humans must cope with the changing environment Health and illness are inevitable Humans must adapt positively to the environment (Nursing Theory, 2011)

Information and Concepts � Environment Concept � Refers to all internal and external conditions, circumstances and influences affecting the person and his or her development and behavior. � According this model, when one is subjected to stress their coping mechanisms are ineffective in processing the adaption of environmental stimuli. � Stimuli can be focal (immediately confronts the adaptive system), contextual ( where the environmental factor has caused a certain situation) or residual ( environmental factors cannot be defined). (Mastal, 1980)

Info and Concepts Cont. � Health Concept � Process of becoming an integrated and whole person and a process of being. � There is a distinct difference between the model and medicine. Medicine is treatment of the disease while the adaptation covers the wider issues, growth, adaptation and survival.

Info and Concept Cont. � Nursing � Involves the promotion of adaptation concepts during health and illness from ineffective or inadequate response to increase health and wellness. � Focuses on the person and medicine focuses on biological systems and the patient’s disease. � Uses four modes physiological, self-concept, role function and inter-dependence. � (St. Rosemary Education Institution, 2012, http: //schoolworkhelper. net)

Info and Concepts cont. � Person and Relating persons �A system that adapts to its environment � Three modes in the adaptation. Self-concept- need for psychic integrity and perception of worth. Role function- need for social integrity and interaction with others. Physiological mode- relates to the way individuals play their functions in accordance with their positions. � (Mastal & Hammond, 1980)

Information & Interference and Implications & Consequences � � � The adaptation model views the person as a holistic system (psychological and biological being). External environment has a impact on the patient’s well being due to interacting with the environment all the time. The nurse must consider external stressors and change interventions in the nursing process for adaption.

References � � St. Rosemary Education Institution. “The Roy Adaptation Model, Environment/Society, Nursing. ” http: //schoolworkhelper. net/. St Rosemary Education Institution. Last update: 2012. Web. Retrieved on Friday October 2012. http: //schoolworkhelper. net/the-roy-adaptationmodel-health-environmentsociety-nursing/. Mastal, M & Hammond, H. (1980) Analysis of the roy adaptation model: a contribution to holistic nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, (2)4, 71 -82.