Similarities Differences 1 What were the major successes

Similarities & Differences 1

� What were the major successes of the Articles of Confederation? � How were the governments established by the Articles of Confederation and the US Constitution similar and different? 3

� What were the major successes of the Articles of Confederation? 4

� John Dickinson’s plan for central government � Proposed cession of West to Congress opposed � Proposed equality in state representation opposed � Articles of Confederation severely limited central government’s authority over states � At the time the Articles were developed and put in place, our main concern was winning a war not setting up a national government.

� Each state had one vote �Could � No send two to seven representatives Executive Branch � No Judicial Branch � No taxing power � Amendments required unanimity � In charge of foreign and Native American relations, military, and disputes between states � No western lands

� Native Americans lost out when British left � 1781—Virginia took lead in ceding western claims to Congress � Other states ceded claims to Congress � Congress gained ownership of all land west of Appalachians � This was a major development for the future of the country.

� Land Ordinance �Orderly division of land into sections and townships �One section set aside to finance school system �Land to sell for minimum of $1 gold per acre � Speculation �Manasseh Cutler and the Ohio Company

� Northwest Ordinance, 1787 �Created three to five new territories in Northwest �Population of 5000 may elect Assembly �Population of 60, 000 may petition for statehood �Bill of Rights provided �Slavery outlawed � South of the Ohio River � Settlement more chaotic �Daniel Boone and �State of Franklin Kentucky

� Restoration of trade with Britain caused trade deficit and hard currency shortage � Congress unable to address trade, inflation, and debt � Congress had no power to tax � Nationalists versus localists � Failure to pay soldiers sparked “Newburgh Conspiracy” (squelched by Washington) � Failure of reform prompted nationalists to consider Articles hopelessly defective

� Congress failed to get states to collect debts owed British merchants � In retaliation, British refused to evacuate Ohio River Valley � Spain closed New Orleans to American commerce in 1784 �John Jay to negotiate re-opening Mississippi �Instead signed treaty favoring Northeast �West and South denounced, Congress rejected Jay-Gardoqui Treaty

� Dissatisfaction with Confederation � Economic recovery after the Revolution slow � People thought stronger central government would restore economic growth � Fear of rebellion by the lower classes

� On a separate piece of paper, Create a Venn Diagram showing the similarities and differences between the Articles of Confederation & the US Constitution. Label each part of the diagram. 16

� Neither wanted one person to have too much power. (Why not? ) � Both created a representative form of government � Both had a Legislative Branch 17

Articles of Confederation � States’ power stronger than central power � Unicameral (one legislative body) � Did not include protection of human rights � Central government did not have the power to tax US Constitution Central power stronger than states’ power � Bicameral (two legislative bodies) � Included protection of human rights (Bill of Rights) � Included an executive & judicial branch � Created a federal system where the central government is supreme � 19