Section1 The Origins of ProgressivismPolitical economic and social

Section-1 The Origins of Progressivism-Political, economic, and social change in late 19 th century America leads to broad progressive reforms.

Section-1 The Origins of Progressivism Four Goals of Progressivism Concerns of Progressives • Early 1900 s, middle-class reformers address problems of 1890 s • Different reform efforts collectively called progressive movement • Reformers aim to restore economic opportunity, correct injustice by: — 1. protecting social welfare, 2. promoting moral improvement — 3. creating economic reform, 4. fostering efficiency Continued…

Section-1 Four Goals of Progressivism {continued} Protecting Social Welfare • Social Gospel, settlement houses inspire other reform groups • YMCA’s and Salvation Army organization are formed • Florence Kelley, political activist, advocate for women, children — helps pass law prohibiting child labor, limiting women’s hours in Illinois

Four Goals of Progressivism {continued Promoting Moral Improvement • Some feel poor should uplift selves by improving own behavior • Prohibition—banning of alcoholic drinks • Woman’s Christian Temperance Union(WCTU) spearheads prohibition crusade • Prohibition video: http: //www. history. com/topics/prohibition

Four Goals of Progressivism {continued “Competition was natural enough at one time, but do you think you are competing today? Many of you think you are. Against whom? Against Rockefeller? About as I would if I had a wheelbarrow and competed with the Santa Fe from here to Kansas City. ” Eugene Debs- 1908 Creating Economic Reform • 1893 panic prompts doubts about capitalism; many become socialists • These Socailists are led by Eugene Debs • Socialists believe in: -government should own all industries and divide the profits among those who actually created the products. -believed too much wealth in hands of upper class people. • Muckrakers—journalists who expose corruption in politics, business

Section-1 Four Goals of Progressivism {continued} Fostering Efficiency • Many use experts, science to make society, workplace more efficient • Louis D. Brandeis uses social scientists’ data in trial • Scientific management—time and motion studies applied to workplace • Assembly lines speed up production, make people work like machines — cause high worker turnover – Theory of Scientific management made popular by a man named Frederick Winslow Taylor- Sci. Management comes to be known as “Taylorism”

Section-1 Cleaning Up Local Government Reforming Local Government. Big City governments were run by political machines (Remember Boss Tweed in NYC) • Reformers try to make government efficient, responsive to voters • Some cities adopt government by commission of experts • Many use council-manager: people elect council that appoints manager Reform Mayors • Hazen Pingree of Detroit tackles taxes, transit fares, corruption • Socialist Tom Johnson of Cleveland fights corrupt utility companies

Section-1 Reform at the State Level Reform Governors • Governors push states to pass laws to regulate large businesses • Robert M. La Follette is 3 -term governor, then senator of Wisconsin — attacks big business, particularly the railroad industry Fight Against Child Labor • Child workers get lower wages, small hands handle small parts better — families need children’s wages • National Child Labor Committee gathers evidence of harsh conditions • Labor unions argue children’s wages lower all wages • Groups press government to ban child labor, cut hours • Child Labor Video: labor Continued… http: //www. history. com/topics/labor/videos/the-fight-to-end-child-

Section-1 Reform at the State Level {continued} Efforts to Limit Working Hours • Louis Brandies, was a lawyer who fought to shorten work days. • Muller v. Oregon—Court upholds limiting women to 10 -hour workday • Bunting v. Oregon—upholds 10 -hour workday for men • Reformers win workers’ compensation for families of injured, killed, • Better health benefits and things like disabillity insurance start to prop up for the first time Continued…

Section-1 Reform at the State Level {continued} Reforming Elections • Oregon adopts secret ballot, initiative, referendum, recall • Initiative—bill proposed by people, not lawmakers, put on ballots • Referendum—voters, not legislature, decide if initiative becomes law • Recall—voters remove elected official through early election • Primaries allow voters, not party machines, to choose candidates Direct Election of Senators • Seventeenth Amendment permits popular election of senators

Conclusion • These early days of the progressive movement led to improvements in labor conditions and in the fairness of elections at the local, state, and national levels • As the progressive movement grew, another group of people started to gain momentum; Women. • Go to page 312 and complete question 2 under the main idea questions.