Review of 1 st and 2 nd Declension

Review of 1 st and 2 nd Declension Adjectives = words which modify or describe nouns or pronouns. Latin dictionary form of adjectives Nominative Masculine Nominative Feminine Nominative Neuter Meaning fidus fida fidum faithful misera miserum poor pulcher pulchra pulchrum beautiful The stem of an adjective = nom. fem. sing. – a stem of fidus stem of miser stem of pulcher = fid = miser = pulchr

1 st and 2 nd Declension Adjective Endings Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Masculine Feminine Neuter us, er i o um o i orum is os is a ae ae am a ae arum is as is um i o um o a orum is a is

1 st and 2 nd Declension Adjectives (Page 53) fidus fida fidum – faithful stem = fid Masculine Nom. fidus Gen. fidi Dat. fido Acc. fidum Abl. fido Nom. fidi Gen. fidorum Dat. fidis Acc. fidos Abl. fidis Feminine fidae fidam fidae fidarum fidis fidas fidis Neuter fidum fidi fido fidum fido fida fidorum fidis fida fidis faithful

1 st and 2 nd Declension Adjectives misera miserum – poor, wretched stem = miser Masculine Nom. miser Gen. miseri Dat. misero Acc. miserum Abl. misero Nom. miseri Gen. miserorum Dat. miseris Acc. miseros Abl. miseris Feminine miserae miseram miserae miserarum miseris miseras miseris Neuter miserum miseri misero miserum misero misera miserorum miseris misera miseris poor

1 st and 2 nd Declension Adjectives pulcher pulchra pulchrum – beautiful stem = pulchr Masculine Nom. pulcher Gen. pulchri Dat. pulchro Acc. pulchrum Abl. pulchro Nom. pulchri Gen. pulchrorum Dat. pulchris Acc. pulchros Abl. pulchris Feminine pulchrae pulchram pulchrae pulchrarum pulchris pulchras pulchris Neuter pulchrum pulchri pulchro pulchrum pulchro pulchra pulchrorum pulchris pulchra pulchris beautiful

Ablative of Means (Page 42) The ablative is used without a preposition to express the means or instrument with which some act is done. Dominus tuba servum vocabat. The master was calling the servant with (by means of) a trumpet. This ablative is called the ablative of means and is translated into English thus: by, by means of, with. It always answers the question: With what? By means of what? The noun in the ablative of means is usually a concrete noun, never a person.