Research Animal Welfare Scientific Integrity An AAALAC International

Research Animal Welfare & Scientific Integrity: An AAALAC International Perspective John F. Bradfield, DVM, Ph. D, DACLAM Senior Director, AAALAC International

Agenda § Welfare and Science § Review AAALAC trend data § Common challenges

Why Animal Welfare in Science Matters § Ethical Imperative q q Society Veterinarians § Scientific Integrity q Healthy, well-cared for animals + properly designed studies = better science

Welfare and Scientific Integrity § § Animals with subclinical disease…. Post-procedural pain relief…. Prompt veterinary care…. . Appropriate environment…. q q q Space - pens/ cages Social housing Enrichment Husbandry Illumination HVAC function

AAALAC Mission § ……enhances the quality of research, teaching, and testing by promoting humane, responsible animal care and use…. . § Accreditation q q Voluntary Confidential Peer-review Site visit every 3 years

Number of Accredited Programs Number of Accredited Units 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 5 201 4 201 3 201 2 201 1 201 0 201 9 200 8 200 7 200 6 200 5 200 4 200 3 200 1 200 0 200 9 199 8 199 7 199 6 199 5 199 4 199 3 199

Accredited Institutions in 41 Countries/ Regions Middle East. 3% North America 74% Europe 9% Pacific Rim 15% Latin America/ Caribbean ~1% Africa. 3%

Demographics - proportion of accredited units by industry sector

Findings - Trends § 671 site visits § 4815 findings – described at the exit briefing….

Two Categories of Findings…. § Mandatory – a deficiency that must be corrected in order to maintain (or attain) full accreditation § Suggestion for Improvement (SFI) – a deficiency that if corrected would improve the program, but correction is not essential to maintaining full accreditation status

Analysis of Findings Animal Environment 14% 10% OHS 10% 26% 18% 22% IACUC Veterinary Care Physical Plant Institutional Administration

IACUC-Related Findings Protocol Review Considerations Policies Protocol review process Program Review/ Facilities Inspections Oversight/ PAM Mandatory Committee Composition/ Participation SFI 0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

st ts 20% en e 30% dm en Am al Ca r ry ge t l) ne n tra in Su r ur ce d ro t-p Po s es al R on er s ef it tio ric st Re en e io n e ag Us /B m (P sic se Ph y rti Ex pe id lu /F Fo od Ha r ar d Ha z s cie us Re lic at up /D es tiv al im s SO P pe al #/ S An m ni ts gs oi n dp En ss re Di st ru de -D es / in el id Gu of A rn a te Al n ca tio ifi e an Hu m n/ Pa i ra es ur ce d Pr o l-G ica of 0% Ju l/ ta en rim Ex pe eu t ac n tio ip cr ar m ph No n- De s Protocol Review 60% 50% 40% Mandatory SFI 10%

Vet Care Findings Veterinary Medical Care Euthanasia Clinical Procedures…. 71% care……………… 41% Drug use/ storage…………………. 34% Vet authority/ qualifications…. 11% Analgesia/anesthetic use…. . 89% Pain & distress Surgery & post op Preventive medicine/biosecurity Transportation Mandatory SFI Procurement 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Animal Environment - Findings Behavioral/ Social Management Social housing…… 93% Husbandry Sanitation Food/ water…………………. . 32% Husbandry procedures…. . 25% Microenvironment Monitoring effectiveness…… 48% Mandatory Macroenvironment SFI 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Physical Plant - Facilities 70% HVAC report………………. 25% Environ. monitoring…… 21% Temp. / hum. control…. . 20% Directional airflow……. . 18% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% HVAC Construction/ maintenance Special facilites Power Design/ layout

Occupational Health & Safety 90% 80% Mandatory 70% SFI 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Personnel protection Workplace risk/ Individual risk safety assessment Hazard usage Medical Service

Analysis - Global Regions

Overall Mandatory issues – by Region Prevalence § North America…… 0. 5 (1 in 2 site visits) § Europe…………… 0. 86 (8 in 10 site visits) § Pacific Rim………. 1. 13 (> 1 each site visit)

Veterinary Care Mandatory Issues Region Prevalence § North America…… 0. 05 (1 in 20) § Europe…………… 0. 08 (1 in 13) § Pacific Rim………. 0. 22 (1 in 5)

Animal Environment - Mandatory Issues Region Prevalence § North America…… 0. 08 (1 in 13) § Europe…………… 0. 13 (1 in 8) § Pacific Rim………. 0. 12 (1 in 8)

IACUC/OB - Mandatory Issues Region Prevalence § North America…… 0. 09 (1 in 11) § Europe…………… 0. 08 (1 in 13) § Pacific Rim………. 0. 29 (1 in 3)

Physical Plant - Mandatory Issues Region Prevalence § North America……. 0. 10 (1 in 10) § Europe…………… 0. 22 (1 in 5) § Pacific Rim………. 0. 07 (1 in 14)

OHSP- Mandatory Issues Region Prevalence § North America……. 0. 12 (1 in 8) § Europe…………… 0. 13 (1 in 8) § Pacific Rim………. 0. 20 (1 in 5)

Summary § Common challenges include q q q IACUC/ OB - protocol review/ policies Vet care – vet medical care/ euth. / p/d Animal env. – social management/ husbandry/ sanitation Physical plant – HVAC! OHS – personnel protection/ workplace risk assessment

Summary § Issues that impact animal welfare, impact scientific integrity: q q q IACUC/OB review Social housing Pain and distress Injury, disease, subclinical disease Animal environment and husbandry

Advocate for the animal – Value the science