PSIR 205 Week 6 Slides continue The Parisian

PSIR 205 Week 6

Slides continue… • The Parisian women’s march on Verseilles (first mass movement to use the concept of popular sovereignty)

The Reconstruction of France • As of 1792, the National Constituent Assembly decided to establish a constitutional monarchy: – Free trade, private property, limited power to clergy – Aristocrats and the middle class aligned: equality before the law but no social equality and radical democracy

Political re-organization • Active and passive citizens: (Citizens who could vote to selectors. This system favoured propertied • Olympe de Gouges’s Declaration of the Rights of Women: Women Rights • Departments Replace Provinces

Economic Policy • Workers’ Organizations Forbidden: • Confiscation of Church Lands: • The Assignats:

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy • The Church refuted to affirm the Declaration as well as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen • Citizens should choose between their religion and their devotion to the revolution

Counterrevolutionary Activity • Flight to Varennes • Declaration of Pillnitz

End of the Monarchy: A Second Revolution • Emergence of the Jacobins: They wanted a republic not a constitutional monarchy • Girondins ( a group of Jacobins) took control • War against Prussia and Austria • Imprisonment of the royal family

The Convention and the Role of the Sans-Culottes • September Massacres by Paris Commune • Instituting universal male suffrage and writing a democratic constitution • A newly elected body, Convention, declared France a republic • Goals of the Sans-Culottes (shop keepers, artisans, wage earners, factory workers): • The policies of the Jacobins: from representative government to direct democracy • Execution of Louis XVI: and declaration of war against Great Britain, Holland, and Spain

Europe at War with the Revolution • Edmund Burke’s attack • Suppression of reform in Britain • War with Europe

The Reign of Terror • The Republic defended – The Committee of Public Safety – The Levee en Masse (total military mobilization of men and property) • The Republic of Virtue and Robespierre – Repression of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women – De-Christianization • Revolutionary Tribunals • The end of the Terror – Fall of Robespierre (July, 1794

The Thermidorian Reaction • A new constitutional regime: middle class and professional people replaced Sans-Culottes • Establishment of the Directory • Removal of the Sans-Culottes from Political Life – Victory of the propertied, not least the peasants – Representative government (who could authorize was an issue)? • Removal of the Sans-Culottes from Political Life