Process of Speciation Ch 16 3 Intro to
![Process of Speciation Ch 16. 3 Process of Speciation Ch 16. 3](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-1.jpg)
![Intro to Speciation Recall, biologists define a species as a group of individuals that Intro to Speciation Recall, biologists define a species as a group of individuals that](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-2.jpg)
![Intro to Speciation Therefore individuals in the same species share a common gene pool. Intro to Speciation Therefore individuals in the same species share a common gene pool.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-3.jpg)
![Isolating Mechanisms As new species evolve, populations become reproductively isolated. Reproductive isolation can occur Isolating Mechanisms As new species evolve, populations become reproductively isolated. Reproductive isolation can occur](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-4.jpg)
![Behavioral Isolation u Difference in courtship rituals Western and Eastern Meadowlark (Different mating songs) Behavioral Isolation u Difference in courtship rituals Western and Eastern Meadowlark (Different mating songs)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-5.jpg)
![Behavioral Isolation u Feeding Habits - change in food preference No gene flow occurs Behavioral Isolation u Feeding Habits - change in food preference No gene flow occurs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-6.jpg)
![Geographic Isolation u Two Populations are separated by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or Geographic Isolation u Two Populations are separated by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-7.jpg)
![Geographic Isolation u Another Example of Speciation due to Geographic Isolation (Colorado River – Geographic Isolation u Another Example of Speciation due to Geographic Isolation (Colorado River –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-8.jpg)
![Temporal Isolation u Two or more species reproduce at different times. Example: 3 similar Temporal Isolation u Two or more species reproduce at different times. Example: 3 similar](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-9.jpg)
![Darwin’s Discovery Galapagos Island Finches Darwin’s Discovery Galapagos Island Finches](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-10.jpg)
![Darwin’s Discovery The finches looked so different he thought they were blackbirds, warblers, & Darwin’s Discovery The finches looked so different he thought they were blackbirds, warblers, &](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-11.jpg)
![Darwin’s Discovery He then hypothesized: – They had descended from a common ancestor. – Darwin’s Discovery He then hypothesized: – They had descended from a common ancestor. –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-12.jpg)
![Testing Natural Selection in Nature Peter and Rosemary Grant of Princeton University decided to Testing Natural Selection in Nature Peter and Rosemary Grant of Princeton University decided to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-13.jpg)
![Testing Natural Selection in Nature What the Research u u Grant’s Finch Showed: There Testing Natural Selection in Nature What the Research u u Grant’s Finch Showed: There](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-14.jpg)
![Testing Natural Selection in Nature After 20 years of banding & measuring finches, the Testing Natural Selection in Nature After 20 years of banding & measuring finches, the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-15.jpg)
![Follow these Steps as Review of Speciation in Darwin’s Finches 1. Founders Arrive on Follow these Steps as Review of Speciation in Darwin’s Finches 1. Founders Arrive on](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-16.jpg)
- Slides: 16
![Process of Speciation Ch 16 3 Process of Speciation Ch 16. 3](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-1.jpg)
Process of Speciation Ch 16. 3
![Intro to Speciation Recall biologists define a species as a group of individuals that Intro to Speciation Recall, biologists define a species as a group of individuals that](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-2.jpg)
Intro to Speciation Recall, biologists define a species as a group of individuals that breed and produce fertile offspring
![Intro to Speciation Therefore individuals in the same species share a common gene pool Intro to Speciation Therefore individuals in the same species share a common gene pool.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-3.jpg)
Intro to Speciation Therefore individuals in the same species share a common gene pool. As genetic change occurs in one individual, it can spread through the population via its offspring. If this change increases “fitness” it will soon be found in many within the population.
![Isolating Mechanisms As new species evolve populations become reproductively isolated Reproductive isolation can occur Isolating Mechanisms As new species evolve, populations become reproductively isolated. Reproductive isolation can occur](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-4.jpg)
Isolating Mechanisms As new species evolve, populations become reproductively isolated. Reproductive isolation can occur as a result of: u. Behavior Isolation u. Geographic Isolation u. Temporal Isolation
![Behavioral Isolation u Difference in courtship rituals Western and Eastern Meadowlark Different mating songs Behavioral Isolation u Difference in courtship rituals Western and Eastern Meadowlark (Different mating songs)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-5.jpg)
Behavioral Isolation u Difference in courtship rituals Western and Eastern Meadowlark (Different mating songs)
![Behavioral Isolation u Feeding Habits change in food preference No gene flow occurs Behavioral Isolation u Feeding Habits - change in food preference No gene flow occurs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-6.jpg)
Behavioral Isolation u Feeding Habits - change in food preference No gene flow occurs now because they eat, mate, and lay their eggs on different hosts now. Fruit flies switched from Hawthorn fruit to Apple fruit introduced from England Rhagoletis pomonella
![Geographic Isolation u Two Populations are separated by barriers such as rivers mountains or Geographic Isolation u Two Populations are separated by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-7.jpg)
Geographic Isolation u Two Populations are separated by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water
![Geographic Isolation u Another Example of Speciation due to Geographic Isolation Colorado River Geographic Isolation u Another Example of Speciation due to Geographic Isolation (Colorado River –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-8.jpg)
Geographic Isolation u Another Example of Speciation due to Geographic Isolation (Colorado River – 10, 000 years ago) Abert Squirrel (Sciurus aberti) Kaibab Squirrel (Sciurus aberti kaibabensis)
![Temporal Isolation u Two or more species reproduce at different times Example 3 similar Temporal Isolation u Two or more species reproduce at different times. Example: 3 similar](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-9.jpg)
Temporal Isolation u Two or more species reproduce at different times. Example: 3 similar species of orchid in same forest release pollen on different days (can not pollen one another)
![Darwins Discovery Galapagos Island Finches Darwin’s Discovery Galapagos Island Finches](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-10.jpg)
Darwin’s Discovery Galapagos Island Finches
![Darwins Discovery The finches looked so different he thought they were blackbirds warblers Darwin’s Discovery The finches looked so different he thought they were blackbirds, warblers, &](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-11.jpg)
Darwin’s Discovery The finches looked so different he thought they were blackbirds, warblers, & other kinds of birds. After returning home, an ornithologist told him they were all finches
![Darwins Discovery He then hypothesized They had descended from a common ancestor Darwin’s Discovery He then hypothesized: – They had descended from a common ancestor. –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-12.jpg)
Darwin’s Discovery He then hypothesized: – They had descended from a common ancestor. – Natural selection shaped the beaks as they adapted to eat different foods
![Testing Natural Selection in Nature Peter and Rosemary Grant of Princeton University decided to Testing Natural Selection in Nature Peter and Rosemary Grant of Princeton University decided to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-13.jpg)
Testing Natural Selection in Nature Peter and Rosemary Grant of Princeton University decided to test Darwin’s hypothesis. They figured it relied on two testable assumptions. 1. Sufficient Variation among species 2. Natural Selection due to “fitness” of the variation
![Testing Natural Selection in Nature What the Research u u Grants Finch Showed There Testing Natural Selection in Nature What the Research u u Grant’s Finch Showed: There](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-14.jpg)
Testing Natural Selection in Nature What the Research u u Grant’s Finch Showed: There is great variation among inheritable traits During drought, food becomes scarce or gone and big beaks more likely to survive. Big beak birds tend to mate with other big beak birds, resulting in increase in average beak size of the population The next generation of finches had bigger beaks than the generations before
![Testing Natural Selection in Nature After 20 years of banding measuring finches the Testing Natural Selection in Nature After 20 years of banding & measuring finches, the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-15.jpg)
Testing Natural Selection in Nature After 20 years of banding & measuring finches, the Grants had demonstrated that evolutionary changes in finch beak size & shape occur rapidly in response to severe environmental changes in the Galapagos Peter and Rosemary Grant (Princeton University)
![Follow these Steps as Review of Speciation in Darwins Finches 1 Founders Arrive on Follow these Steps as Review of Speciation in Darwin’s Finches 1. Founders Arrive on](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/6f2203fbe66fb78303b50c554f9e0698/image-16.jpg)
Follow these Steps as Review of Speciation in Darwin’s Finches 1. Founders Arrive on an Island 2. Separation of Population (some birds of species A cross to another island) 3. Change in Gene Pool (natural selection causes species A & B to evolve. ) 4. Reproductive Isolation (now even if species A & B appear in same locale, gene pool remains isolated) 5. Ecological Competition (increase difference as species A & B compete. ) 6. Continued Evolution
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