Political Participation Voting and Political participation Refer to

Political Participation Voting and

Political participation Refer to all the activities that Introduce influence of the citizen on the decisionmaking process l participate to support / reject the government / decision l conventional & unconventional l

Conventional & Unconventional Conventional l …. follow the political system l voting, campaigning, lobbying officials Unconventional l …. do not follow the routinised institutional forms of politics l protest, demonstration, violence, revolution

Forms of political participation …. Implied a hierarchy of participation l Gladiatorial activities (holding office, memberships of organisations) l Spectator activities (temporary, limited involvement) …. and non-participation

Acts of participation l l l l Holding / seeking office Active membership of organisation Passive membership of organisation Participation in action (meeting, demonstration) Participation in informal political discussion Voting General interest … then, non-participation

Forms of non-participation Political apathy (passivity, abstention) l Cynicism (distaste, disenchantment) l Alienation (hostility, divorce) l Anomie (loss of value and direction) l

Why participate or not participate l Exchange concept (perceived consequence get or avoid [tangible, intangible]) l Value of participation / non-participation (believe in democracy, citizen power or responsibility, efficacy etc. ) l Absence of stimuli (being motivated, direct relevancy etc. )

Who participate and not participate (voting as example)

Political participation in HK Voting as indicator of participation l Membership of organisation as participation l Poverty of social protest l Flourish of opinion in public discussion (e. g. media) l

Voters Turnout Rate