Phrases The NounAdjective Possessive Phrases Shariah Program 2003

Phrases ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ The Noun/Adjective & Possessive Phrases Shariah Program - © 2003 -2009

The Phrase Group of words linked together, not forming a complete sentence n Many types based on kind of relationship n Often function as single unit in syntax n ( )ﺻﻔﺔ( & )ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ n ( )ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ( & )ﻣﻀﺎﻑ n Shariah Program - © 2003 -2009

The ( )ﺻﻔﺔ( & )ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ Phrase n Two Isms The first Ism is the noun being described and the second is the adjective. n The second Ism describes the first. n e. g. ( ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ tall boy) & ( ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪﺓ intelligent girl) n n In English the adjective always precedes the noun e. g. tall boy, intelligent girl. Shariah Program - © 2003 -2009

Essential rulings n Apart from change in sequence (noun first, adjective second), there is correspondence in the following four aspects: 1. 2. 3. 4. Gender: ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ and ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪﺓ Plurality: ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻼﻥ and ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ Definiteness/indefiniteness: ﻭﻟ ﻃﻮﻳ Grammatical state: ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠ Shariah Program - © 2003 -2009

The ( )ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ( & )ﻣﻀﺎﻑ Phrase n Also two Isms: n Here the two Isms (which are both nouns) are linked together in a possessive structure n e. g. (ﺭﺳﻮ ﺍﻟﻠ Allah’s Messenger). Sequence inverted n The first word is called ( )ﻣﻀﺎﻑ , while the second n n i. e. the word with the apostrophe in English is termed ( )ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ Shariah Program - © 2003 -2009

Essential Rulings 1. 2. 3. The “ ”ﻣﻀﺎﻑ must be empty of both the definite article “Al-”, as well as the indefinite article tanween: the “un” sound at the end of nouns and written in the form of a second “ ”ﺿﻤﺔ , “ ”ﻓﺘﺤﺔ , or “ ”ﻛﺴﺮﺓ e. g. ( ﻛﺘﺎ ﺯﻳ Zaid’s book). The grammatical state of the “ ”ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ is fixed on jarr The grammatical state of the “ ”ﻣﻀﺎﻑ is subject to the governing agent. Shariah Program - © 2003 -2009