Photosynthesis The Calvin Cycle Life from Air AP
- Slides: 21
Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle Life from Air AP Biology 2007 -2008
Whoops! Wrong Calvin… The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 1950 s | 1961
Remember what it means to be a plant… § Need to produce all organic molecules necessary for growth u carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids § Need to store chemical energy (ATP) produced from light reactions in a more stable form u that can be moved around plant u saved a rainy day glucose + oxygen carbon + for water + energy u dioxide 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + light C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 energy AP Biology
Light reactions § Convert solar energy to chemical energy ATP u ATP energy u NADPH reducing power § What can we do now? build stuff !! AP Biology photosynthesis
How is that helpful? § Want to make C 6 H 12 O 6 synthesis u How? From what? What raw materials are available? u CO 2 NADPH carbon fixation NADP C 6 H 12 O 6 AP Biology reduces CO 2 NADP
From CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 § CO 2 has very little chemical energy u fully oxidized § C 6 H 12 O 6 contains a lot of chemical energy u highly reduced § Synthesis = endergonic process u put in a lot of energy § Reduction of CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 proceeds in many small uphill steps each catalyzed by a specific enzyme u using energy stored in ATP & NADPH u AP Biology
From Light reactions to Calvin cycle § Calvin cycle u chloroplast stroma § Need products of light reactions to drive synthesis reactions ATP u NADPH u ATP thylakoid AP Biology stroma
C Calvin cycle 1 C C C 3. Regeneration C C C of Ru. BP starch, sucrose, cellulose & more ribulose bisphosphate 3 ATP H H H | | | C–C–C AP Biology C C C C CO 2 5 C Ru. Bis. Co glyceraldehyde-3 -P G 3 P 3 C C 6 NADP 6 C PGA phosphoglycerate C C C 3 C C C C C 6 ATP 2. Reduction 6 NADPH 1. Carbon fixation C C C ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase 3 ADP used to make glucose C=C=C 5 C C C 3 C 6 ADP H | H |
Remember G 3 P? glycolysis glucose C-C-C-C 2 ATP 2 ADP fructose-1, 6 b. P P-C-C-C-P DHAP P-C-C-C G 3 P glyceraldehyde 3 -phosphate C-C-C-P 2 NAD+ 2 4 ADP AP Biology Photosynthesis pyruvate C-C-C 4 ATP
To G 3 P and Beyond! § Glyceraldehyde-3 -P To G 3 P and beyond! end product of Calvin cycle u energy rich 3 carbon sugar u “C 3 photosynthesis” u § G 3 P is an important intermediate § G 3 P glucose carbohydrates lipids phospholipids, fats, waxes amino acids proteins nucleic acids DNA, RNA AP Biology
Ru. Bis. Co § Enzyme which fixes carbon from air ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase u the most important enzyme in the world! u § it makes life out of air! definitely the most abundant enzyme It’s not easy u I’m green with envy! AP Biology being green!
Accounting § The accounting is complicated u 3 turns of Calvin cycle = 1 G 3 P u 3 CO 2 1 G 3 P (3 C) u 6 turns of Calvin cycle = 1 C 6 H 12 O 6 (6 C) u 6 CO 2 1 C 6 H 12 O 6 (6 C) u 18 ATP + 12 NADPH 1 C 6 H 12 O 6 u AP Biology any ATP left over from light reactions will be used elsewhere by the cell
Photosynthesis summary § Light reactions produced ATP u produced NADPH u consumed H 2 O u produced O 2 as byproduct u § Calvin cycle consumed CO 2 u produced G 3 P (sugar) u regenerated ADP u regenerated NADP u AP Biology ADP NADP
Light Reactions light ATP + NADPH + O 2 energy H 2 O + H 2 O sunlight Energy Building Reactions NADPH ATP AP Biology O 2 § produces ATP § produces NADPH § releases O 2 as a waste product
Calvin Cycle CO 2 + ATP + NADPH C 6 H 12 O 6 + ADP + NADP CO 2 ADP NADP Sugar Building Reactions NADPH ATP AP Biology sugars § builds sugars § uses ATP & NADPH § recycles ADP & NADP § back to make more ATP & NADPH
Putting it all together light CO 2 + H 2 O + energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 H 2 O CO 2 sunlight ADP Energy NADP Building Reactions Sugar Building Reactions NADPH ATP AP Biology O 2 sugars Plants make both: § energy § ATP & NADPH § sugars
even though this equation is a bit of a lie… it makes a better story Energy cycle sun Photosynthesis light CO 2 + H 2 O + energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 plants CO 2 H 2 O glucose animals, plants ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 energy + CO 2 + H 2 O Cellular Respiration AP Biology The Great Circle of Life, Mufasa! ATP O 2
Summary of photosynthesis 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + light C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 energy § § § § § Where did the CO 2 come from? Where did the CO 2 go? Where did the H 2 O come from? Where did the H 2 O go? Where did the energy come from? What’s the energy used for? What will the C 6 H 12 O 6 be used for? Where did the O 2 come from? Where will the O 2 go? What else is involved…not listed in this equation? AP Biology
Supporting a biosphere § On global scale, photosynthesis is the most important process for the continuation of life on Earth u each year photosynthesis… § captures 121 billion tons of CO 2 § synthesizes 160 billion tons of carbohydrate u AP Biology heterotrophs are dependent on plants as food source for fuel & raw materials
The poetic perspective… § All the solid material of every plant § was built by sunlight out of thin air All the solid material of every animal was built from plant material air AP Biology sun Then all the plants, cats, dogs, elephants & people … are really particles of air woven together by strands of sunlight!
If plants can do it… You can learn it! Ask Questions!! AP Biology 2007 -2008
- Hubungan air tanah dan tanaman
- Inputs and outputs of calvin cycle
- Reactants of photosynthesis
- Calvin cycle
- Calvin cycle campbell
- Krebs cycle inputs
- Light reactions vs calvin cycle
- Calvin cycle
- Calvin cycle
- Calvin cycle
- Calvin cycle
- Section 6-2 review the calvin cycle
- Section 6-2 review the calvin cycle
- Whats another name for the calvin cycle
- The calvin cycle occurs in the___________.
- Calvin cycle
- What happens in the calvin cycle
- Calvin cycle
- Photosynthesis equation
- Calvin cycle
- The calvin cycle constructs
- 原生生物