Marathi Noun Morphology for POS Tagger 08 11

Marathi Noun Morphology for POS Tagger 08 / 11/ 2005 VEENA DIXIT 1

Marathi Nouns • Nouns are nearly 45% of the random corpus. • We will consider the stem forming processes of Marathi nouns. • Inflectional Marathi Noun Morphology is absolute economic in nature. – A single stem is formed for an attachment of the case markers as well as the postpositions. 08 / 11/ 2005 VEENA DIXIT 2

Inflection Classes of Marathi Nouns • In tradition, stem – forming process is referred as ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ formation. • ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ is the stem form of a noun, to which the case markers or the postpositions are attached. • Marathi nouns can be classified based on the suffixes attached to a noun for ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ formation. • Several parameters are active in deciding ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ of a Marathi noun. 08 / 11/ 2005 VEENA DIXIT 3

Parameters, deciding ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ » Gender » Number » Ultimate Vowel » Ultimate consonant » Penultimate Vowel » Penultimate consonant » Number of syllables » Etymology - The degree of acceptance of a foreign word » Frequency » Subgroup 08 / 11/ 2005 VEENA DIXIT 4

Gender • There are three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, in Marathi, if the agreement between noun and verb is considered. • Assignment of gender to a Marathi noun is not systematic, it is merely conventional. * )feminine, singular) म ळ – maa. La – small garland, म ळवर – maalevara – on the small garland )masculine , singular) म ळ – maa. La – uncultivated land , म ळ वर – maa. Laavara – on the uncultivated land 08 / 11/ 2005 VEENA DIXIT 5

Number There are two numbers in Marathi, singular and plural. )masculine, singular) म ळ – maa. Laa – floor म ळय वर – maa. Lyaavara – on the floor )masculine, plural) म ळ – maa. Le – floors म ळय वर – maa. Lyaa. Mvara – on the floors 08 / 11/ 2005 VEENA DIXIT 6

Ultimate Vowel (masculine, singular, ‘schwa’ ending) म ळ – maa. La – uncultivated land म ळ वर – maa. Laavara – on the uncultivated land )masculine, singular, ‘aa’ ending ( म ळ – maa. Laa – floor म ळय वर – maa. Lyaavara – on the floor 08 / 11/ 2005 VEENA DIXIT 7

Ultimate Consonant (masculine, singular, ultimate consonant ‘L’) म ळ – maa. Laa – floor म ळय वर – maa. Lyaavara – on the floor )masculine, singular, ultimate consonant ‘s’) म स - maasaa – fish म श वर – maashaavara – on the fish 08 / 11/ 2005 VEENA DIXIT 8

Penultimate Vowel (neuter, singular, penultimate vowel ‘uu’, direct) मल – muula – child )neuter, singular, penultimate vowel ‘u’, oblique) मल वर – mulaavara – on the child 08 / 11/ 2005 VEENA DIXIT 9

Penultimate Consonant (feminine, singular, penultimate consonant ‘ll’) च ललर – chillara – coins च ललर वर – chillarivara – on the coins )feminine, singular, penultimate consonant ‘kk’) अककल – akkala – intelligence अकलवर – akalevara – on the intelligence )feminine, singular, penultimate consonant ‘pp’) चपपल – chappala – footwear चपलवर – chapalevara – on the footwear 08 / 11/ 2005 VEENA DIXIT 10

Number of Syllables (feminine, singular, one syllabic) सतर – strii – woman सतर य – striiyaa – women )feminine, singular, two syllabic( ट क – Taakii – tank ट कय – Taakyaa – tanks 08 / 11/ 2005 VEENA DIXIT 11

Etymology The degree of acceptance of a foreign word Accepted well टबल – Tebala – table टबल वर – Tebalaavara – on the table Newly accepted कपयटर – kampyutara – computer कपयटरवर – kampyutaravara – on the computer 08 / 11/ 2005 VEENA DIXIT 12

Subgroup of nouns Proper nouns and Non – proper nouns परष – puru. Sha – man परष वर – puru. Shaavara – on the man Proper nouns उमश – umesha – Umesh उमशवर – umeshavara – on Umesh 08 / 11/ 2005 VEENA DIXIT 13

Frequency Less frequent proper noun उमश – umesha – Umesh उमशवर – umeshavara – on Umesh More frequent proper noun शकर – shankara – Shankar शकर वर – shankaraavara – on Shankar 08 / 11/ 2005 VEENA DIXIT 14