Latin AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS Revolution in haiti You should
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Latin AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS
Revolution in haiti You should remember this from Napoleon… First Latin American territory to free itself from European rule Toussaint L’Overture – leader of the revolution 1804 – declared independence After L’Overture’s death – Haiti crumbled into despotism
The divisions in Spanish colonial society in 1789 Africans; 6. 4 Peninsulares; 0. 1 Do you remember the Spanish colonial system we talked about when we learned about the Atlantic World? ? ? Creoles; 22. 8 Mulattos; 7. 6 Native Americans; 55. 8 Mestizos; 7. 3
Latin america sweeps to freedom Latin America sharply divided into classes based on birth. Peninsulares and Creoles dominated and controlled wealth and power Viceroys – colonial officers Creoles = least oppressed BUT they could not hold high office. Many were educated in Europe THEREFORE they brought back Enlightenment ideas WHICH brought on a revolution in Latin America
How Spain will affect spanish america The last straw was Napoleon’s invasion of Spain. When he deposed the Spanish king, the Creoles felt no loyalty to a French king. Creoles argued the power now shifted to the people. Even after Napoleon was defeated and the Spanish king was brought back, it was too late…
Processing ²According to the social hierarchy, who held the most power in Spanish America? ²What factors caused the revolutions in Spanish America? (Give me two!)
Spanish america Simón Bolivar – wealthy Venezuelan creole Believes in equality for all Helped declare independence from Spain Decisive victory in Colombia 1830 – Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, Ecuador win independence
Hidalgo calls for an end to spanish rule • So far we have seen how creoles led revolutions. • In Mexico, the Native Americans and mestizos play a role… • Miguel Hidalgo – priest who calls for Mexico’s independence movement • Firmly believed in Enlightenment ideas • His uprising will be defeated in 1811 • Creoles did not support mestizo uprising
Mexico’s independence • After a liberal group was put in power, the creoles feared a loss of privileges • Creoles decide to revolt! • 1821 - Mexico claims independence • Before the Mexican revolution, Central America had been governed from Mexico After Mexico’s independence several Central American states declared their independence from Spain (and Mexico).
brazil • Most unique independence movement in Latin America because there was no violent uprisings • After Napoleon invaded Portugal, the royal family fled to Brazil. • 1822 – Creoles demand independence from Portugal • Dom Pedro signs a petition officially freeing Brazil • Won its independence through a bloodless revolution
Latin america 1800 -1830 Latin America, 1800 Latin America, 1830
Effects of latin american revolutions • Independence brought an increase in poverty • Disrupted trade • Devastated cities • Geography – prevents a united Latin America • Government • Colonial gov’ts same as home country gov’t = Latin Americans had no experience w/self gov’t, unfamiliar with democratic principles/practices
Effects of latin american revolutions Social Order Rigid social/economic/political order gave too much power to Creoles, not enough to the mestizos Catholic Church Strong influence prevented true separation of church and state Economy not diverse – based mainly on mining of gold and silver
Monroe doctrine • The Monroe Doctrine was issued by President James Monroe (U. S. ) in 1823. • Latin American nations were acknowledged to be independent. • The United States would regard as a threat to its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere.
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