INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION RAILWAY FAMILY LIFE WOMENS RIGHTS The

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION RAILWAY FAMILY LIFE WOMEN’S RIGHTS

The Industrial Revolution • Main influences (money, labour, demand, power, transport, food, machines) - “mass production”- beginning - fuel problem (less wood- coal- iron) - Image: iron & coal production

• A Watt steam engine. The steam engine, fueled primarily by coal, propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world

• inventions and increased production (cotton/wool/ china goods)

Social Effects of the Industrial Revolution - workers joining (fair wages- better conditions) A young "drawer" pulling a coal tub along a mine gallery. [80] In Britain laws passed in 1842 and 1844 improved working conditions in mines

• Over London by Rail Gustave Doré c. 1870. Shows the densely populated and polluted environments created in the new industrial cities

• (19 th c. ) Britain - Most powerful – ‘workshop’ of the worldfactories producing more than any country in the world - The Great Exhibition of Industries (1851) inside the Crystal Palace - Queen Victoria - Aim (show world greatness of Britain’s industry)

Why was Britain industrially strong 1 - Enough natural resources: coal/iron/steel for production & exporting (production of new heavy industrial goods-machinery) -exporting (e. g. cloth) 2 -strong banking system Images: The Iron Bridge, Shropshire, England

The Railway • Best example of Britain’s Industrial power (19 th c. ) – Six million could visit the Great Exhibition in London – At first to transport goods (cost/speed) – Then passenger trains (government/fare/quickly) – Poor conditions improved (prices fell/wages doubled/better food/gas) – Two education acts • Children schooling (13) • Redbrick universities (distinguish/industrial cities/science and technology) • Railway use for travel and pleasure • Bicycle invention • The right to personal freedom (Capitalism)

Red brick Universities • Universities of Liverpool & Sheiffield

Painting depicting the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1830, the first inter-city railway in the world and which spawned Railway Mania due to its success

Development of Railways

Family Life in 19 th c. Britain - Growth of affection Idea of the close family Privacy and individualism Marriage for personal happiness Family under the ‘master’/no equality Women feeling useless when children grew up Happy family life reduced in 19 th c. (strict parenting/beating/boarding schools/wife as man’s property)

The Rights of Women • (19 th c. ) Women as legal property –impossible to get a divorce- had to give up property upon marriage • Wife beating • Women’s colleges - no degrees • ‘Suffragettes’- the right to vote • (20 th c. ) The War changed everything (factories-voting age) • Liberation of women took many forms (clothescosmetics- smoke and drink- hair) • Protests against violence, pay and work • Growth of number of working women

Suffragette Images • Suffragette Symbol • Suffragists marching in New York, 1915 • A British suffragette, c. 1910