Homework for next week You have an end

Homework for next week. . You have an end of topic test next week. You must revise the topic Ecosystems and Tropical Rainforest.

What are the impacts of deforestation? Lesson objective - To investigate the impacts of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest 1 -4 – Will be able to describe the impacts of deforestation 5 -7 – Will be able to explain the impacts of deforestation 8 -9 – Will be able to evaluate the impact that deforestation has on the amazon rainforest.

The story of Chico Mendez You may remember from last week the story of Chico Mendez. Watch the video to see the life, work and charity that he completed in his life before his tragic end! https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=f. E-s 2 z 44 O_U

Starter: Causes of Deforestation in the Brazil Skills task a) Use the figures on the right to draw a pie chart of the causes of deforestation in Brazil b) Describe what your graph shows Stretch and challenge: why do you think logging % is so small? • Cattle ranching = 80% • Plantation agriculture = 10% • Small scale agriculture = 5% • Logging = 3% • Other e. g. mining, settlement growth, energy development & roads = 2%

Looking back– What does each picture show and how does it lead to deforestation? Logging Population growth / new settlements Mineral extraction Road building Population growth / new settlements Farming in the rainforest

The Nutrient Cycle (recap) Consider the rainforest nutrient cycle: 1. How will the rain impact on the soil if the trees are deforested? 2. How will the lack of nutrients impact on the soil if the trees are deforested? • Nutrient are the minerals and chemicals in the soil that the plants need to grow • Trees lose leaves all year round • The leaves fall on to the forest floor – called the litter layer • They are decomposed by bacteria – this only takes 3 -4 months • Nutrients go in to the soil and are taken up by plants • Nutrients also come from the break up of rocks to make the soil

Local impacts - Soil erosion Task: Complete the paragraph on your sheet using the words provided

Local impacts - Soil erosion Soil takes thousands of years to form – but it can stripped away in a matter of hours. Removal of soil by wind and rain is called soil erosion. The roots of trees and plants bind the soil together. So deforestation means the soil can easily become loose and erode away. Task: animals remains. The rainforest plants soil is made up mainly of decaying ______ and _______ The ____ biomass depends for its nutrients on the constant recycling of its enormous ____ (plant and animals). Plant remains fall to the ground and form a litter layer. They are then eaten and broken fungi bacteria down by _______ and _____ in the soil, then converted by back into nutrients which can vegetation then be used by the dense _____ above. Cutting down of the rainforest disturbs the natural soil-plant cycle and makes the soils erosion intercepted extremely vulnerable to soil _______. Heavy rainfall in the rainforest is not _____ by nutrients trees and easily reaches the ground washing the soil away and the ____ that are needed for plants to grow back.

Local impacts - The broken nutrient cycle Deforestation No Canopy Vegetation does not grow back No leaves No leaf litter Soil becomes infertile Loss of nutrients into the soil

Local impacts – broken nutrient cycle Task: write these sentences in the correct order

Local impacts - Pollution • Mining causes deforestation as the trees need to be clear felled to mine the gold out of the ground • Often this is land that belonged to indigenous people who are forced to move to towns and cities when the government sells their land • Soil is washed away with high power water jets, and mercury is used to separate the gold from the surrounding rock. Mercury is highly poisonous to people, fish and other animals Task: answer the questions about this photo showing the impacts of mining https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=2 d 5 d 1 Z 6 AFH 4

Global impacts – biodiversity loss • Clearing tropical forest reduced biodiversity • It is estimated that 137 plant animal and insect species become extinct every day due to deforestation, or 50, 000 species per year! • One impact of this is that many cures for lifethreatening diseases could be lost

Global impacts – biodiversity loss • Task: complete the infographic using this information

Global impacts – global warming • Trees & soil are stores of carbon • As the rainforest covers such a large area of the planet, they store a huge amount of carbon • If trees are cut down, they stop storing carbon • When they are cut down they are often burned , and this sends the carbon dioxide up in to the atmosphere • More carbon dioxide in the air is causing global warming • This threatens people all around the world not just in the rainforest

Global impacts – global warming Fewer trees Many trees Trees grow well Trees take in carbon dioxide by photosynthesis Fertile soil Leaves fall to the ground Carbon is stored in the soil Task: In your books, draw and add the labels to the correct boxes to show deforestation causes global warming • Trees don’t grow back • Soil loses fertility • Global warming & climate change • Carbon dioxide released when trees are burnt & less carbon dioxide is absorbed by trees • No leaves fall to the ground

The economic impacts of deforestation Deforestation in the amazon rain forest is driven by profit. However, whilst deforestation may result in short-term economic gains, it may lead to long-term losses. Task: sort these economic impacts in to economic gains and economic losses of deforestation • Development of land for mining, farming and energy will lead to jobs both directly (construction and farming) and indirectly (supply and support industries). • Minerals such as gold are very valuable • The number of tourist attracted by rainforests could decrease • Improved transport infrastructure opens up new areas for industrial development and tourism • Hydro electric power will provide cheap and plentiful energy • Pollution of some water sources and an increasing dry climate may result in water shortages • Plants that could bring huge medical benefits and high profits may become extinct • Fires (used the make space for farming land), could cause harmful pollution. They can burn out of control, destroying cast areas of valuable rainforest.

Answers Economic Losses • The number of tourist attracted by Economic gains rainforests could decrease • Development of land for mining, • Pollution of some water sources farming and energy will lead to jobs both directly (construction and an increasing dry climate may result in water shortages. farming) and indirectly (supply and • Plants that could bring huge support industries). medical benefits and high profits • Minerals such as gold are very may become extinct valuable • Improved transport infrastructure • Fires (used the make space for farming land), could cause harmful opens up new areas for industrial pollution. They can burn out of development and tourism control, destroying cast areas of • Hydro electric power will provide valuable rainforest. cheap and plentiful energy

Sample set 3 paper 1 Using Figure 8 and your own understanding, explain how deforestation can have economic impacts. [6 marks] • Level 3 answers will be detailed with well developed explanations. Some use of Figure 8 and specific own knowledge. Impacts can be positive and/or negative. • Level 2 answers will be linked statements with some elaboration. Some use of figure 8 and own knowledge. Impacts can be positive and/or negative. • Level 1 answers will be simple statements, with limited use of subject vocabulary. May only use information in Figure 8 or own knowledge.

Sustainable Rainforest Management • Most of the world’s tropical rainforests are found in low- income countries (LICs) and newly emerging economies (NEEs) • The priority for many LICs and NEEs is economic development • LICs and NEEs, need to exploit the Amazon's resources to develop, so leaving it untouched is not an option. • Uncontrolled and unchecked exploitation cause irreversible damage such as loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, flooding and climate change. So, sustainable use of the forest is essential.

Sustainable forest management is the management of forests according to the principles of sustainable development……. "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. “ “The practice of regulating forest resources to meet the needs of society and industry while preserving the forest’s health”

THINK PAIR SHARE How can rainforests be managed sustainably so that people can make money from them now, and will still be able to in the future? Individual -Write down 3 – 5 ideas Individual PAIR – Discuss your points with your partner Share your ideas with the class

Eco Tourism In recent years, Brazil has promoted its forests as destinations for ecotourism. This aims to introduce people to the natural world without causing any environmental damage. Watch the You. Tube video Make notes on ecotourism in Brazil The great benefit of ecotourism is that it enables the undisturbed natural environment to create a source of income for local people without it being destroyed or damaged.

Selective logging and replanting (this is counted as 2 different ones) This is an example of a way that logging can be considered sustainable, by only cutting down the largest trees & leaving smaller ones to continue to grow. Or, you plant as many new trees as you cut down. In this way you’re not going to run out of trees and causes any of the problems mentioned. Watch the You. Tube video

Conservation and education (this is counted as 2 different ones) Conservation – By protecting large areas of land via national parks, the land becomes protected. This land can then be used for tourism which can be used to make money rather than making money through chopping deforestation. Watch the You. Tube video Education - By teaching people the importance of the rainforests, they are less likely to cut it down.

International agreements Forest Stewardshi p Council Watch the You. Tube video Countries can make deals with one another for the protection of the rainforest. This is often in the form of offering investment in the country in return for a lack of deforestation. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is an international recognised brand. This shows that the wood used comes from a sustainable source.

Debt reduction Countries can do something called ‘debt for nature swapping’. This is when countries agree to cancel certain amounts of debt if they do not carry out deforestation. Watch the You. Tube video Deforestation often occurs as a way of making money to pay of debt. By cancelling the debt, people no longer need to chop down the trees.

Method of sustainable management Task: Use the photocopy of p 26 -27 (CGP revision guide) to complete the table on the sustainable management methods E. g. Selective logging What is it? This is… How does it sustainable manage the rainforest? This manages the rainforest because…. Rank the options and explain why you have ranked them in this order.

Write an acronym for the word: D E F O R E S T A T I O N Plenary