Gender Schema Theory Martin and Halverson 81 Cognitive
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Gender Schema Theory (Martin and Halverson 81) Cognitive Theory 2
Kholberg Knowledge Quiz 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The theory is maturational. What does this mean? When is gender information from the outside world actively processed? What is the name of stage 2? At what age does stage 3 occur? State one difference between stage two and stage three What was found to contradict theory by Martin and Little? Why does it matter that theory is descriptive and not explanatory? What was found by Slaby and Frey to support theory? Slaby and Frey also found though, that boys develop Gender Constancy before girls. Why is this finding problematic for theory? 10. Why is theory low in temporal validity?
Consistency and Inconsistency
Martin&Halverson (1983) • Children develop a rigid gender identity at age of 3 when they identify as a boy or girl. • This starts the process of gender development. • Children pay attention to anything which fits the ‘in group’ (their sex) and ignores ‘out group’ info. • View in group as positive and out group as negative. • Children look for gender rules (schemas) in order to make sense of the world.
Underlying assumptions • Thinking processes • How cognitions develop over time (cognitive developmental approach) • Gender role behaviour is due to understanding of gender. • Understanding is due to: a) Information gathering b) Brain development which in aids sophisticated cognitions. • Labelling is all that is needed to develop begin seeking role models • Much earlier than Kholberg • Emphasised role of Schemas
What is a schema? • Draw a girl thing and a boy thing.
Evaluation • Look at Mark Scheme. • Same points twisted!
Group Exam Question- A 3 • AO 1 • AO 3
Timed Questions • Question 1. • Kholberg Essay
