Fields of exclusion Housing Socical Exclusion and the

Fields of exclusion: Housing Socical Exclusion and the Roma Ondřej Klípa

Types of spatial segragation

Principles of spatial segregation • Socio-economic status • Ascriptive characteristics (ethnicity, race)

Types – ideal typical models I • Citadel (e. g. suburb gated communities, Trump Towers): high economic status; voluntary (separation) • Slum (e. g. Brazilian favela, Mexico Citiy peripheries, but also French banlieue or some of today´s US black and Lation inner-cities): low economic status; involuntary because of poverty (only); permeable (theoretically) – people can leave the slum if they gain sufficient resources; completely dependent on outside world (no jobs in slum, no parallel institution); no collective identity and solidarity of slum dwellers („culture of poverty“ – disfunctional families, no communities)

Types – ideal typical models II • Ethnic enclave (e. g. Little Italy, China Towns today, Vietnamese quarter in Prague): various ecnomic level; voluntary (separation) • Ghetto (e. g. classical Jewish ghettos in Europe, blac neighborhoods in US cities in the first half of 20 th century): various economic level; involuntary because of ascriptive characteristics (only); non-permeable – people cannot leave the getto even if they gain sufficient resources; vastly independent on outside world (all jobs in ghetto, parallel institutions); collective identity and solidarity (culture typical for ethnic/racial group)

Social exculsion (involuntary segregation) of Roma in ECE

Slovak „osada“ Mostly low economic level; involuntary (based partly on poverty but mostly on race); very little permeability (only when the outcome of migration); highly dependent on outside world; relatively high identity and solidarity (no „osada“ communities; strong Roma vs. non-Roma identity; solidarity based on extended families)

Czech „ghetto“ Mostly low economic level; involuntary (based partly on race but mostly on poverty – there also some „white“ dwellers); permeability within the city possible but very difficult (mostly because of „vicious circle“ of poverty and also racial discrimination); totaly dependent on outside world (except for criminal activities)

Other types: Roma towns-villages in the Balkans Closer to ghetto type without its „majority“ neighbor: various economic level; parallel institutions (Roma „kings“); relatively high identity and solidarity (but it differes on place – usually in case of specific subetnic Roma groups); very little permeablity (majority population prevent the Roma to move out)