Effective Learning Teaching Comments on Chapter 13 of

Effective Learning & Teaching Comments on Chapter 13 of Science for All Americans

Principles of Learning 1 ü Learning is not necessarily an outcome of teaching ü What students learn is affected by their existing ideas ü Progression in learning is usually from concrete to the abstract

Principles of Learning 2 ü People learn to do well on what they practice doing ü Effective learning by students requires feedback ü Expectations affect performance

Teaching Science… 1 ü Teaching should be consistent with the nature of science ü ü ü ü Start with questions about nature Engage students actively Concentrate on the collection and use of evidence Provide historical perspectives Insist on clear expression Use a team approach Do not separate knowledge from finding out Deemphasize the memorization of tech. vocab.

Teaching science… 2 ü Science teaching should reflect scientific values ü Welcome curiosity ü Reward creativity ü Encourage a spirit of healthy questioning ü Avoid dogmatism ü Promote aesthetic responses

Teaching science… 3 ü Science teaching should aim to counteract learning anxieties ü Build on success ü Provide abundant experience in using tools ü Support the roles of women and minorities in science ü Emphasize “group” learning

Science Teaching… 4 ü Science teaching should extend beyond the school ü Teaching should take its time.