Ecology IF ITs UNDERLINED WRITE IT DOWN Ecology

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Ecology IF IT’s UNDERLINED WRITE IT DOWN Ecology: is the study of how living

Ecology IF IT’s UNDERLINED WRITE IT DOWN Ecology: is the study of how living things interact in an environment.

Ecosystem An ecosystem consists of the living things and their environment

Ecosystem An ecosystem consists of the living things and their environment

Biotic Factors The living things in an ecosystem are called BIOTIC factors. Examples of

Biotic Factors The living things in an ecosystem are called BIOTIC factors. Examples of biotic factors are plants, birds, and animals.

Abiotic Factors The nonliving parts of an ecosystem are called ABIOTIC factors. Examples of

Abiotic Factors The nonliving parts of an ecosystem are called ABIOTIC factors. Examples of abiotic factors are light , temperature, water, atmosphere, and soil.

The Carbon Cycle All living things are made of carbon. The carbon cycle is

The Carbon Cycle All living things are made of carbon. The carbon cycle is the process through which carbon is cycled through the air, ground, plants, animals, and fossil fuels. People and animals inhale oxygen from the air and exhale carbon dioxide (CO 2) while plants absorb CO 2 for photosynthesis and emit oxygen back into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is also exchanged between the atmosphere and the oceans.

The Carbon Cycle https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Sd 8 D 7 Wy. VS 6

The Carbon Cycle https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Sd 8 D 7 Wy. VS 6 A

The Nitrogen Cycle 80% of the air in our atmosphere is made of nitrogen.

The Nitrogen Cycle 80% of the air in our atmosphere is made of nitrogen. Most plants get the nitrogen they need from soil. Many farmers use fertilizers to add nitrogen to the soil to help plants grow larger and faster. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=xfw. ZV 6 rtnvw

Nitrogen Cycle: circulation of nitrogen in various forms through nature.

Nitrogen Cycle: circulation of nitrogen in various forms through nature.

Energy Flow in Ecosystems:

Energy Flow in Ecosystems:

Energy Flow in Ecosystems: FOOD CHAIN

Energy Flow in Ecosystems: FOOD CHAIN

The Two Food-Producing Processes Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis

The Two Food-Producing Processes Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis

Photosynthesis The process by which green plants and other producers use simple compounds and

Photosynthesis The process by which green plants and other producers use simple compounds and energy from sunlight to make sugars - an energyrich compound.

Chemosynthesis A process by which a type of bacteria living deep in the ocean

Chemosynthesis A process by which a type of bacteria living deep in the ocean produce food. There is no sunlight and these bacteria produce food using heated chemicals released from underwater vents.

Producers A producer is an organism that captures energy and stores it in food

Producers A producer is an organism that captures energy and stores it in food as chemical energy. These are also called, autotrophs.

Consumers A consumer is an organism that gets its energy by eating other living

Consumers A consumer is an organism that gets its energy by eating other living things in a food chain. These are also called, heterotrophs.

Types of Consumers Herbivores - Eat plants Carnivores - Eat meat Decomposers Feeds on

Types of Consumers Herbivores - Eat plants Carnivores - Eat meat Decomposers Feeds on plant and animal remains Omnivores - Eat Both

Decomposers A decomposer is an organism that feeds on and breaks down dead plant

Decomposers A decomposer is an organism that feeds on and breaks down dead plant and animal matter.

Feeding Relationships • Food Chain – Different • Food Web – A levels of

Feeding Relationships • Food Chain – Different • Food Web – A levels of organisms network of all the transferring energy by food chains in an eating & being eaten. ecosystem.

A food chain indicates the transfer of energy from producers through a series of

A food chain indicates the transfer of energy from producers through a series of organisms which feed upon each other.

Food Webs • A food web is a series of interrelated food chains which

Food Webs • A food web is a series of interrelated food chains which provides a more accurate picture of the feeding relationships in an ecosystem, as more than one thing will usually eat a particular species.

A Food Web Describes the Way Energy is Transferred Within an Ecosystem

A Food Web Describes the Way Energy is Transferred Within an Ecosystem

Energy Pyramid Tertiary Consumers The amount of available energy decreases as you go up

Energy Pyramid Tertiary Consumers The amount of available energy decreases as you go up the pyramid. Secondary Consumers Primary Consumers Producers

Biomes Regions of Earth that are similar in climate and have similar types of

Biomes Regions of Earth that are similar in climate and have similar types of plants are called biomes. Biomes represent very large areas and there many ecosystems within a biome.

Tundra • Long cold winters and short cool summers • Less than 25 centimeters

Tundra • Long cold winters and short cool summers • Less than 25 centimeters of precipitation each year. • Has permafrost, a deep layer of permanently frozen soil that lies just below the surface soil preventing trees from taking root. • Tundra ecosystems support rodents, caribou, and musk oxen, grizzly bears, white fox, and snowy owls. Migrating birds come to nest in the tundra.

Taiga • Long cold winters and short cool summers • Precipitation of 30 to

Taiga • Long cold winters and short cool summers • Precipitation of 30 to 60 cms. a year. • Taiga ecosystems are characterized by evergreen trees called coniferous trees. • Taiga ecosystems support deer, elk, snowshoe hares, and beavers. Predators include lynx, owls, bears, and wolves.

Desert • Does not get enough precipitation to support trees. • Characterized by dry

Desert • Does not get enough precipitation to support trees. • Characterized by dry soil. • Support plants like the cactus, and desert animals like the collared lizard, kangaroo rat and ground squirrel. Desert predators include snakes, owls, and foxes.

Grassland • Have moderate rainfall from 50 to 90 cms. • Enough rain to

Grassland • Have moderate rainfall from 50 to 90 cms. • Enough rain to support grasses, but too little rain to support forests. • Summers are warm, up to 30°C, but winters are cold. • Support seed-eating rodents that make their burrows in the grassland soil. There also large grazing animals, like bison, wild horses, gazelle, and zebra. Predators include wolves, tigers, and lions.

Temperate Forest • Short winters and 75 to 150 cms of precipitation. • Have

Temperate Forest • Short winters and 75 to 150 cms of precipitation. • Have deciduous trees, also referred to as broadleaf trees. • Support a wide variety of animals like mice, chipmunks, squirrels, raccoons, and deer. Predators include wolves, bobcats, foxes, and mountain lions.

Tropical Forest • Weather is warm all year, around 25°C. • The wettest land

Tropical Forest • Weather is warm all year, around 25°C. • The wettest land biome, with a rainfall of 250 to 400 cms. • Trees have leaves year round. • More types of animals, plants, and other organisms live here than anywhere else on Earth. The trees grow close together and support many tree-dwelling animals like monkeys, birds, insects, and snakes. There are even plants, like orchids and vines, that grow on top of the trees.

Freshwater Biomes • The running water of streams and rivers • The still water

Freshwater Biomes • The running water of streams and rivers • The still water of ponds and lakes • Estuaries are water ecosystems that mark a transition between freshwater and saltwater biomes. It is the lower end of a river that feeds into the ocean, where fresh water and salt water mix.

Marine Biomes • Marine biomes are saltwater biomes. • The three general marine biomes

Marine Biomes • Marine biomes are saltwater biomes. • The three general marine biomes are coastal ocean, open ocean, and deep ocean. • Beaches are part of the coastal ocean biome. • The open ocean receives less sunlight than the coastal ocean, and the temperatures are colder. • The deep-ocean regions are much colder and darker than the upper ocean. There is no sunlight available for photosynthesis. The animals here either feed on each other or on material that falls down from upper levels of the ocean. Most organisms are microscopic.