Deep ocean adaptations The clam Calyptogena magnifica which

Deep ocean adaptations • The clam Calyptogena magnifica, which lives on deep-sea vents, depends on a bacterium to supply it with nutrients; the bacterium is transmitted through the clam’s eggs. The same goes for our mitochondria — the remnants of bacteria that live in our cells and provide us with energy. http: //judson. blogs. nytimes. com/2008/04/08/a-mutual-affair/index. html http: //www. nytimes. com/2007/05/22/science/22 deep. html? _r=1&ref=sci ence&oref=slogin

Important Dates: • Thursday, April 30: boat field trip from 11 am – 1 pm Meeting at the boat dock 10: 50 am; Boat Leaves exactly at 11 am! Jacket, closed shoes, sunscreen, water are must! • Tuesday, May 5: Invasive species class at the boat dock 11 -12: 15; if weather allows; • FINAL EXAM: HW part on Tuesday, May 12 to prepare for the Final week of May 18 (group work and individual questions similar to MIDTERM); • Please - NO MAKEUPS!

SOUNDS IN THE OCEAN Article: http: //www. nytimes. com/2008/04/08/science/08 fish. html? ex=1208318400&en=c 81 b 1195 b 68 e 2 f 90&ei=5070&emc=eta 1 Sounds: http: //www. nytimes. com/interactive/2008/04/07/science/20080408_FISH_FEATURE. html#

• http: //www. listenforwhales. org/Net. Community/Page. aspx ? pid=467&srcid=430 • A new buoy system off the Massachusetts coast helps scientists track right whales and warn ships of their presence. http: //link. brightcove. com/services/link/bcpid 1185143625 /bctid 1488623605 • http: //www. listenforwhales. org/Net. Community/Page. aspx ? pid=437 • http: //www. birds. cornell. edu/brp/update-items/right-whale -projects

• The speed of sound in water increases with increasing water temperature, increasing salinity and increasing pressure (depth). The approximate change in the speed of sound with a change in each property is: • Temperature 1°C = 4. 0 m/s Salinity 1 PSU = 1. 4 m/s Depth (pressure) 1 km = 17 m/s • Ocean speed of sound ~1500 m/s; • Air speed of sound ~ 344 m/s

http: //www. whoi. edu/oceanus/view. Article. do? id=2492

Seafloor Mapping Methods USGS

Mapping seafloor surficial geological habitat in Massachusetts state waters

1994 -1998 2003 2001 2002 -2004 Seafloor Mapping of Stellwagen Bank & Massachusetts Bay • completed by scientists at USGS, Woods Hole 2004 2006 2007 2008+ Mapping Begins & Continues

Changing physical and chemical properties of the ocean: http: //www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2008/09/080929144116. htm

Bloop • http: //oceanexplorer. noaa. gov/explorations /sound 01/background/seasounds/media/bl oop. html Hydrophones: • http: //www. pmel. noaa. gov/vents/acoustics/ haru_system. html

Sensing oceans from space • http: //www. marine. csiro. au/Leaflets. Folder/4 8 sensing/48. html • TOPEX/POSEIDON, identified three El Nino events in 1992 -93 and 1994 -95, and in 1997 -98 during sea level observations of the Pacific Ocean.

http: //seawifs. gsfc. nasa. gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/oceanography_how_deep. html

Deep ocean creatures, adaptations & sounds • Article for prep http: //www. nytimes. com/2008/04/08/science/08 fish. html? ex=120831 8400&en=c 81 b 1195 b 68 e 2 f 90&ei=5070&emc=eta 1