CHRISTOLOGY 112022 Doctrine of Christ 1 APPROACHES TO

CHRISTOLOGY 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 1

APPROACHES TO CHRISTOLOGY n Christology from Above n n Historic, Ecumenical and Creedal Approach Postulates that God, the Second Person, took unto himself true humanity Does not rule out Christology from below 1/1/2022 Christology from Below n n n Favorite method of modern theologians Emphasizes humanity of Christ and his complete openness to God Does not rule out “from above” but infrequently goes there Doctrine of Christ 2

ORTHODOX CHRISTOLOGY n Christ is God even as the Father is God n Christ is Human even as we are, excepting for sin n Christ is truly one person n God, the SON, took unto himself a true human nature and became the God-Man 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 3

CHRIST IS GOD n Old Testament n n n n Psalm 2: 6 -12, “You are my son” Psalm 45: 6 -7, “Your throne, O God” Psalm 110: 1 ff, “The LORD says to my Lord” Isaiah 9: 6, “The Mighty God” Jeremiah 23: 6, “The LORD our Righteousness” Micah 5: 2, “from everlasting” Malachi 3: 1, “the Lord will come to his temple” 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 4

CHRIST IS GOD n New Testament: Matthew n n n n Matthew Father Matthew Matthew 1/1/2022 9: 6, forgives sins 11: 7, complete knowledge of the 14: 33, receives worship 16: 16, “Son of God” 28: 18, “All authority” 28: 19, baptismal formula 7: 21, 10: 32 -3, 11: 25 -7, “My Father” Doctrine of Christ 5

CHRIST IS GOD n New Testament: John n n n John 1: 1, “Word was God” John 2: 24 “knew what was in man” John 5: 18 “making himself equal with God” John 11: 1 -14, Raising Lazarus from the dead John 20: 28, “My Lord and My God” I John 1: 3; 2: 23; 4: 14 -5; 5: 5, 10 -13, 20 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 6

CHRIST IS GOD n New Testament: Other Texts n n n n Romans 9: 5, “God, over all, blessed” Philippians 2: 6, “existed in the form of God” Colossians 2: 9, “in him all fullness dwells” Titus 2: 13, “the great God and our Savior” Hebrews 1: 3, “exact representation of his nature” Hebrews 1: 8, “Your throne, O God” Revelation 19: 16, “King of Kings, Lord of Lords” 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 7

CHRIST IS HUMAN Genesis 3: 15, Seed of the Woman n Genesis 49: 8 -10, Tribe of Judah n II Samuel 7, Psalm 89, Family of David n Isaiah 7: 14, born of a virgin n Isaiah 53, to suffer and die n 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 8

CHRIST IS HUMAN Matthew 1, Luke 2, Galatians 4: 4, born n Luke 2: 52, grew in wisdom and stature n Hebrews 2: 14, had flesh and blood n Luke 24: 39, had flesh and bone n Matthew 24: 36, ignorant of the day of judgment n 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 9

DEFINITION OF CHALCEDON Inseparably Inconfusedly 1/1/2022 Unchangeably Doctrine of Christ Indivisibly 10

KEY TERMS Father-Hypostasis, Persona Son. Hypostasis, Persona One Divine Substance (Ousia) Holy Spirit. Hypostasis, Persona Human Divine Ousia, Nature 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 11

HUMILIATION AND EXALTATION The Creedal Cycle 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 12

HUMILIATION n He humbled himself, see Phil. 2: 7, 8: Kenosis “He laid aside the divine majesty, the majesty of the sovereign Ruler of the universe, and assumed human nature in the form of a servant. ” Berkhof, ST, 332. 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 13

HUMILIATION n n n Incarnation (Gal. 4: 4, Isa. 9: 6, Heb/ 2: 14, Phil. 2: 7) Made under the Law (Gal. 4; 4, John 6: 38, Heb. 5: 8, Phil. 2: 8) Sufferings and Death (Isa. 53) Wrath of God (II Cor. 5: 21, Isa. 53: 12, Ps. 40: 12, Matt. 27: 46) Death and Burial The descent into hell 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 14

EXALTATION n Resurrection: John 2: 19 -21; 10: 18, 11: 25; Acts 2: 24, n Ascension: Mark 16: 19; Luke 24: 50 -53; John 6: 62; n Session at the Right Hand of God: Matt. 26: 64; Acts n Judging the World at the Last Day: John 5: 22, 27; 32; 3: 26, 5: 30; Rom. 6: 4; I Cor. 15: 20; Col. 1: 18; Rev. 1: 5 14: 2, 12; 16: 5, 10, 17, 28; 17: 5; 20: 17; Acts 1: 6 -11; Eph. 1: 20; 4: 8 -10; I Tim. 3: 16; Heb. 1: 4; 4: 14; 9: 24 2: 33 -36; 5: 31; Eph. 1: 20 -22; Heb. 10: 12; I Peter 3: 22; Rev. 3: 21; 22: 1; Rom. 14: 9; I Cor. 15: 24 -28; Heb. 2: 7, 8; I John 2: 1 Acts 10: 42, 17: 31; Matt. 19: 28; 25: 31 -34; Luke 3: 17; Rom. 2: 16; 14: 9; I Cor. 3: 13 -15; II Cor. 5: 10; II Tim. 4: 1; James 5: 9 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 15

CHRISTOLOGICAL ERRORS NOT TRULY GOD NO HUMAN SPIRIT 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 16

CHRISTOLOGICAL ERRORS NO HUMAN SPIRIT TWO PERSONS 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 17

CHRISTOLOGICAL ERRORS TWO PERSONS ONE WILL 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 18

COUNCILS n n Nicea, A. D. 325, condemned Arianism as heresy (homoousios) Constantinople, A. D. 381, condemned Apollinarianism as heresy Ephesus, A. D. 431, condemned Nestorianism as heresy Chalcedon, A. D. 451, condemned Eutychianism as heresy 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 19

DEFINITION OF CHALCEDON We, then, following the holy Fathers, all with one consent, teach men to confess one and the same Son, our Lord Jesus Christ, the same perfect in Godhead and also perfect in manhood; truly God and truly man, or a reasonable soul and body; consubstantial with the Father according to the Godhead, and consubstantial with us according to the Manhood; in all things like unto us, without sin; begotten before all ages of the Father according to the Godhead, and in these latter days, for us and for our salvation, born of the Virgin Mary, the Mother of God, according to the Manhood; one and the same Christ, Son, Lord, Onlybegotten, to be acknowledged in two natures inconfusedly, unchangeably, indivisibly, inseparably; the distinction of natures being by no means taken away by the union, but rather the property of each nature being preserved, and concurring in one Person and one Subsistence not parted or divided into two persons, but one and the same Son, and only begotten, God the Word, the Lord Jesus Christ, as the prophets from the beginning have declared concerning him, and the Lord Jesus Christ himself has taught us, and the Creed of the holy Fathers handed down to us. 1/1/2022 Doctrine of Christ 20

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