Chapter 9 Alcohol Lesson 2 The Nervous System

Chapter 9 Alcohol Lesson 2 The Nervous System Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation. Next >>

neurons Cells that make up the nervous system central nervous system Made up of the brain and the spinal cord Made up of the nerves that connect the central peripheral nervous system to all parts of the body

brain The command center, or coordinator, of the nervous system spinal cord A long bundle of neurons that sends messages to and from the brain and all parts of the body

In this lesson, you will be able to list the parts of the nervous system. describe problems of the nervous system. explain how you can keep your nervous system healthy. practice decision-making skills to protect the nervous system.

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The Command Center of the Body The nervous system: Is your body’s control center Carries messages to and from your brain Controls breathing Controls the flow of blood throughout the body Can be harmed or permanently damaged by alcohol

Figu Pag re 9. 3 e 27 3 The Command Center of the Body Neurons are also called nerve cells. neurons Cells that make up the nervous system Neurons send and receive messages to and from the brain in the form of tiny electrical charges.

Three types of neurons as seen on page 273 Sensory Neurons Ø Receives messages and passes on information from outside world vskin, ears, eyes Motor Neurons Ø Sends messages to muscles and glands Connection Neurons Ø Relays messages between sensory and motor neurons

What do you think would happen if some neurons failed to pass on information received from the outside world?

The Parts of the Nervous System The two parts of the nervous system are: The central nervous system (CNS) The peripheral nervous system (PNS) central nervous system Made up of the brain and the spinal cord peripheral nervous system Made up of the nerves that connect the central nervous system to all parts of the body

Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System PNS CNS Neurons Brain Spinal Cord Neurons

The Parts of the Nervous System

The Parts of the Central Nervous System The brain works with the spinal cord. brain The command center, or coordinator, or the nervous system spinal cord A long bundle of neurons that sends messages to and from the brain and all parts of the body

Central Nervous System CNS page 274 figure 9. 4 Brain § made up of billions of neurons § Receives information and sends messages to the other parts of the body … works with the spinal cord § interprets the messages … helps the body respond to the information it receives from the senses § processes thoughts … when you think the neurons in your brain are working Spinal Cord § some messages are processed here but most are sent to the brain § relays messages between the brain and other parts of the body If you lose or damage CNS neurons your body cannot make new ones

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How the Brain Works Considering everything it does, the human brain is incredibly compact, weighing just 3 pounds. Its many folds and grooves, though, provide it with the additional surface area necessary for storing all of the body's important information. The spinal cord, on the other hand, is a long bundle of nerve tissue about 18 inches long and ¾ inch thick. It extends from the lower part of the brain down through spine.

How the Brain Works Intelligence, Learning, and Memory When you learn things, messages travel from one neuron to another, over and over. Then the brain creates connections (or pathways) between the neurons, so things become easier and you can do them better and better. In young children, the brain is highly adaptable. In fact, when one part of a young child's brain is injured, another part may learn to take over some of the lost function. But as we age, the brain has to work harder to make new neural pathways, making it more difficult to master new tasks or change established behavior patterns. That's why many scientists believe it's important to keep challenging your brain to learn new things and make new connections — it helps keep the brain active over the course of a lifetime.

Peripheral Nervous System PNS page 274 figure 9. 4 made up of nerves that connect CNS to all parts of the body makes possible the movements you can control – walking – speaking handles movements you cannot control … AUTOMATIC actions – heart beat – sweating – digestion – the change of the pupil of your eyes as they react to light PNS neurons can regenerate if they are damaged

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Problems of the Nervous System The nervous system can become injured, or it may be affected by diseases and disorders.

Injuries A brain injury can cause brain damage, loss of memory, and the loss of some physical abilities. PROTECT YOUR BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

Alcohol and Drug Abuse Alcohol can destroy millions of brain cells, which can never be replaced. Other drugs harm the brain by affecting sleeping, breathing, sleeping, and the way your nervous system sends and receives messages.

Infections Some viruses that can harm the nervous system include: Polio Rabies Meningitis There are vaccines that help protect people from some of these illnesses. Other illnesses may be treated with medicine.

Disorders Multiple Sclerosis (MS) MS attacks the central nervous system and damages the outer part of some nerves. Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the brain as it is growing. Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s causes a loss of memory, mental deterioration, and death. Parkinson's Disease People with Parkinson’s disease often have shaking and stiffness of the arms and legs. Epilepsy occurs when the signals in the brain aren’t sent in the normal way, sometimes causing seizures.

Taking Care of Your Nervous System Follow positive health practices. Eat nutritious foods and get enough rest. Protect yourself from disease. Get vaccinated and avoid risky situations. Protect yourself from physical injury when playing sports. Wear protective gear. Never dive into shallow water. Have someone spot you when weight lifting. Follow traffic rules. Obey all signs and wear a safety belt when in a car. Practice positive health behaviors. Decide never to use alcohol or other drugs.

Lesson 2 Review What I Learned Vocabulary Define neuron. a cell that makes up the nervous system

Lesson 2 Review What I Learned Name List the two parts of the nervous system. central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Lesson 2 Review What I Learned Explain Describe how multiple sclerosis affects the nervous system. MS damages the outer part of some nerves so that they cannot send messages properly.

Lesson 2 Review What I Learned Describe How can alcohol damage the nervous system? Alcohol can destroy brain cells.

Lesson 2 Review Thinking Critically Hypothesize If the PNS stopped working, what would happen to the CNS? Sample answer: The central nervous system could not receive messages from the nerves in the body, so the body could not respond to what it senses.

Lesson 2 Review Thinking Critically Apply What decisions can you make to keep your nervous system healthy? Sample answer: Wear a helmet while bicycling or in-line skating and never use drugs or alcohol.

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