An Early Computer ENIAC 1947 US Army 27
- Slides: 13
An Early Computer ENIAC, 1947 US Army 27 ton 63 m 2 5 k. Hz ~400 FLOPs 150 k. W
Computers in Early Space Programs IBM 7090 1960 Transistor Based ~100 K FLOPs 50000 transistors
Cray-2 Computer 1985 Cray-2 250 MHz 1. 9 GFLOP 256 MW 1. 5 m X 2. 0 m
PC Evolution Year CPU Clock Memory HD 1986 IBM XT 4. 77 MHz 640 KB 20 MB 1988 IBM AT 12 MHz 2 MB 40 MB 1989 80386 16 MHz 4 MB 80 MB 1991 80486 33 MHz 8 MB 80 MB 1997 Pentium 100 MHz 64 MB 20 GB Pentium II 400 MHz 512 MB 80 GB 1998
PC Evolution Year CPU Clock Memory HD 2000 Pentium III 733 MHz 1 GB 120 GB 2002 Pentium 4 2. 4 GHz 2 GB 2006 Core 2 Quad 2. 8 GHz 8 GB 500 GB 2009 i 7 -920 3. 8 GHz 12 GB 1 TB 2015 i 7 -5820 K 3. 6 GHz 64 GB 3 TB 2018 i 7 -8700 K 4. 5 GHz 64 GB 8 TB 2019 i 9 -9900 K 5. 0 GHz 64 GB 12 TB 2020 i 9 -10900 K 5. 3 GHz 128 GB 16 TB
3 nm (2022) 5 nm (2020) 7 nm 14 nm 22 nm 32 nm 45 nm 250 nm (Pentium) "Moore's law" is the observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit has doubled approximately every two years.
FLOPS floating point operations per second Fujitsu’s 48 -core Arm v 8. 2 -A A 64 FX CPU $1, 000, 000 IBM Summit 9216 POWER 9 22 -core CPUs 27, 648 Nvidia Tesla V 100 GPUs $100 millions (double precision) Intel 8088/8087: 1 M G = 109; T = 1012; P = 1015 Cray 2: 2 G Core i 9 9900 K： 50 G From TOP 500 (June 2020): 1. Supercomputer Fugaku RIKEN Center for Computational Science 416 Peta 7, 299, 072 cores 2. Summit, IBM DOE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory 148 Peta 2, 414, 592 cores 4. Sunway Taihu. Light -神威·太湖之光 93 Peta 10, 649, 600 cores 4. NUDT Tianhe-2 A 天河二號 61 Peta 4, 981, 760 cores 25. Taiwania 2 - PRIMERGY 9. 0 Peta 170, 352 cores 460. Taiwania - PRIMERGY 1. 3 Peta 27, 200 cores
Programs for Quantum Chemical Calculation • Gaussian • Molpro • Gamess • ACESII • Q-Chem (Spartan) • ADF • Turbomol • NWChem • CASTEP • VASP
