Allegro ENERGY CONSULTING Corro sion A Tour of

Allegro ENERGY CONSULTING Corro sion A Tour of Lessons Learned from PHMSA Accident Data Prepared by Cheryl J. Trench President Allegro Energy Consulting For the Pipeline Safety Trust’s 2011 Conference Allegro Energy Consulting P. O. Box 230592 New York, NY 10023 Phone: (212) 787 -6923 Fax: (212) 721 -9028 ctrench@rcn. com November 17, 2011 New Orleans, LA © Cheryl J. Trench, 2011

Allegro ENERGY CONSULTING Differentiate! v External versus internal corrosion v Mainline pipe versus station (facilities) piping § Characteristics plus prevention / mitigation v Commodity characteristics § Crude versus refined product or HVL, e. g. v Flow characteristics § Turbulent ? § Operator: “I’ve never seen an internal corrosion release in a line with turbulent flow” § Dead leg? Drain or relief line?

Allegro ENERGY CONSULTING Corrosion Location? System Part? 250 200 76 Internal Corr. External Corr. 150 100 Overall, More on Onshore Pipe [245 v 125 in station piping] More Internal Corr. In Stations [105 v 76 in onshore pipe] 169 105 50 0 Onshore Pipe 20 Station Piping 20 20 Other Parts Number of incidents, PHMSA 7000 -1, 2002 -2009, onshore pipe, 5 bbls or more, or death, injury, fire, explosion, water pollution or $ damage>$50 K ; other parts: tanks, caverns, offshore

Allegro ENERGY CONSULTING What about Year-to-Year? 40 Onshore Pipe 40 35 35 30 30 25 External Corrosion 25 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 Internal Corrosion Station Piping 5 Internal Corrosion External 0 0 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 Number of incidents, PHMSA 7000 -1, 2002 -2009, onshore pipe, 5 bbls or more, or death, injury, fire, explosion, water pollution or $ damage>$50 K ; other parts: tanks, caverns, offshore

Allegro Which Commodities? For Internal Corrosion, Crude Oil ENERGY CONSULTING 160 140 Onshore Pipeline Internal Corrosion External Corrosion 120 100 73 80 3 60 40 20 Station Piping 62 95 67 37 0 Crude Refined HVLs 12 7 Crude Refined 6 2 1 HVLs Number of incidents, PHMSA 7000 -1, 2002 -2009, onshore pipe, 5 bbls or more, or death, injury, fire, explosion, water pollution or $ damage>$50 K ; other parts: tanks, caverns, offshore

Allegro ENERGY CONSULTING Data Mining Team Has Addressed v Facilities Releases: § Special survey on relief lines, drain lines, dead legs, small pipe diameter and tubing, inspection practices § Additions to PPTS Survey (PHMSA, too) : more detail on flow, small piping and tubing, fittings § http: //www. api. org/aboutoilgas/sectors/PPTS/upload/200 9_5 PPTS_Operator_Advisory_Facilities_OTC_Final. pdf v Corrosion on mainline pipe and in facilities: § http: //www. api. org/aboutoilgas/sectors/PPTS/pptsadvisories. cfm [coming in Dec. 2011]

Allegro ENERGY CONSULTING Sidebar: Internal Corrosion and Canadian Crude v From PHMSA accident data § Which lines with interconnections to Canadian crude have had internal corrosion releases? v From Energy Information Administration § Form 814; shipment-by-shipment crude imports § Which refineries are getting Canadian crude? v From pipeline industry info § How would it get there? Interconnections for crude oil transport, including storage hubs ANSWER: NOT ONE

Allegro ENERGY CONSULTING Sidebar [cont’d] v Checked with operator for each crude oil internal corrosion release in an appropriate state § Each one transporting domestic crude (Williston Basin, CO, KS, OK) § FYI, operators took mitigative action § One line now has a connection to AB crude (via Cushing) but did not at the time of release (2004) No internal corrosion crude releases on U. S. mainline pipe have involved oil sands crude oil

Allegro Observations on Tool Data: More Complicated than You’d Think! ENERGY CONSULTING v Tool runs for point of release recorded since 2002 § Tool type, year of run v Have previously compiled tool data by cause § Right tool? § Timing? § Previously damaged pipe, e. g. : don’t know if tool run before or after damage § External corrosion: found that many properly called, but had already turned into weeper by excavation § Signature recognizable? Tool smart enough?

Allegro 82% Improvement in ROW Record for Pre-1950 s Pipe Number of Releases per Year ENERGY CONSULTING 14 12 10 External Corrosion 8 6 4 2 Seams, Welds Internal Corrosion 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 PHMSA 7000 -1, 2002 -2009, onshore pipe, 5 bbls or more, or death, injury, fire, explosion, water pollution or $ damage>$50 K ; pipe installed in prior to 1950 both inside and outside HCAs