A P WORLD HISTORY PERIODIZATION WHAT IS PERIODIZATION

A. P. WORLD HISTORY: PERIODIZATION

WHAT IS PERIODIZATION? n Each period is defined by three conditions n A geographical component When civilization contracts, shrinks n When civilization spreads from smaller to wider area n Increase, decrease in contacts across regions n Emergence of parallel developments across globe n n n Dates not best way to define a period Period may occur At different time n In different regions n

Technological and Environmental Transformations or PRE CLASSICAL n From 10, 000 BCE to 600/500 BCE Begins with agriculture n Begins with sedentarism n Generally small city-states, states n n Two Sub-periods Neolithic 10000 BCE to approx. 4500 BCE n Ancient River Valley Civilizations 4500 BCE to approx. 600 BCE n n Ends with rise of large, regional empires

Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies or CLASSICAL n 600/500 BCE to 500/600 CE CE Large, regional empires n Military aristocracies n n Integrate regions Permanent traditions n Regional Civilizations n China, India, SW Asia (Cuneiform), Mediterranean n Mesoamerica and Andean America n Strong contacts between regional centers n n n Many areas outside classical civilizations Ends with massive nomadic invasions

Regional and Transregional Interactions or POST CLASSICAL n n Begins 6 th century CE to 1450 CE Began with rise of Islam First trans-regional civilization n Spans Eurasia and Africa n n n Era of two great powers: Islam, China Spread of universalizing religions, philosophies Saw rise of new civilization centers Emergence of network of global contacts Ended due to Mongols, Black Death

Global Interactions or EARLY MODERN n n Begins 1450 Rise of gunpowder empires Rise of Western Europe World Shrinks All continents included in world network n Global trade develops for first time n n Great exchanges Goods, products, flora, fauna, people, germs n Ideas especially European, Christianity n

Industrialization and Global Interactions or MODERN n 1750 to 1914: “The West and the Rest” Era of massive technological change n Era of many revolutions n Technological n Political n Social, Intellectual n n n Vast trade networks Western Global Hegemony Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia n USA, Japan are newest powers n n Dominance of Western Culture

Accelerating Global Change and Realignments or CONTEMPORARY n n 1914 to Present “Change, Change” The American Century, Retreat of Europe n n n n Rise of Pacific Rim, India Collapse of European empires Modernization vs. westernization Modernization vs. traditionalism Rise of new political forms Mass culture Technology, telecommunications dominate age

A. P. WORLD HISTORY: THEMES

INTERACTIONS

FUNCTIONS & STRUCTURES OF STATES

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY

DEMOGRAPHY & ENVIRONMENT URBANIZATION, MIGRATION, ECOCIDE

INTELLECT, FAITH, ARTS, CULTURE

GENDER, SOCIAL, WORKERS INEQUALITIES, ELITES

CHANGE & CONTINUITY