WWI Trench Warfare America Enters the Fight the

WWI: Trench Warfare, America Enters the Fight, the Home Front and Allies Win the War STANDARD 5 (PART 2) Daily Objective: Students will develop 5 Bloom questions that reflect their understanding of the causes and course of World War I – Recite 1

Trench Warfare � A type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other. � “Protection” from enemy fire. � Being in the trenches did not ensure safety. � “No man’s land” traded great loss of life for little territory gain. � Made movement of troops difficult. � New technology mixed with trench warfare just killed people more effectively.

America Enters the War: German Submarines Unrestricted Submarine Warfare � January of 1917, Germany announced that their subs would sink any ship in British waters without warning. � President Wilson had already warned Germany in 1915 when a British passenger ship named the Lusitania was sunk. � 1917 - Returned to policy in hopes of starving Britain with a naval blockade.

America Enters the War: The Zimmermann Note �February 1917 - German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman sent a telegram to Mexico. � Stated that Germany would help Mexico take back lost land from the U. S if they allied with Germany. Last Straw! April 2, 1917 Wilson asked Congress to declare war.

War Effects the Home Front: Total War & Rationing �World War I became a TOTAL WAR. Countries devoted all their resources towards the war effort. �Wartime governments took control of the economytold factories what to make and how much. �Goods were in short supply so governments turned to rationing. People could buy only small amounts of specific items needed for war. Ration cards issued. � Rationed: sugar, meat, butter, cheese, coffee, chocolate, and fruit. � Also gas, oil, soap and textiles.

War Effects the Home Front: Total War & Rationing

War Effects the Home Front: Propaganda �Propaganda- One-sided information designed to persuade and keep support for war. � Often used with censorship. � Many leaders feared bad news would change public support for the war.

War Effects the Home Front: Women During the War �Many women worked on the frontlines as nurses. �Thousands of women replaced men in factories, offices, and shops. �Built tanks, plowed fields, and ran hospitals. �Kept troops supplied with food, clothing and weapons.

Allies Win the War! � Economic hardships caused by the war forced Russian Czar Nicholas II to step down. � Russian soldiers refused to keep fighting and mutinied. � After the Russian Revolution, new leader, Vladimir Lenin, signed the Treaty of Brest. Litovsk, ending the war for Russia. � The treaty allowed Germany to focus all of its attention to the Western Front (France). � However, the event that most affected the outcome of WWI was American intervention.

Allies Win the War! � By May, 1918, Germany again reached the Marne River. � After 4 years of fighting, the German army was exhausted. � With aid from 140, 000 American troops, the Allies launched a counterattack. � With the arrival of 2 million more American troops, the Allies began pushing towards Germany.

Allies Win the War! Central Powers Collapse �Bulgarians and Ottoman Turks surrendered first. �Austria-Hungary was hit with a revolution. �Germany- Soldiers mutinied and the public turned against the Kaiser. French Commander Marshal Foch met with a new German Republic representative in a railway car in Paris to sign the armistice. November 11, 1918, World War I came to an end. What is the difference between an armistice and a surrender?