Wastes from Oil Gas Extraction Activities All wastes

Wastes from Oil & Gas Extraction Activities - All wastes prohibited by comprehensive ordinances passed by 49 CT towns & cities & 5 NY County Legislatures. - The CCM recommended ordinance & current state moratorium prohibit only what is circled & maybe ? ’d in red. Conventional Oil & Gas Wells Drilling Process Drill vertically only w/ drilling muds. Acidizing Process or Force in air, chemicals & acids to dissolve rock. Drilling muds-includes chemicals Drill cuttings-earth, rock & naturally occurring toxins buried in the ground. Brine trapped in rock Sludges-silt & liquids Leachate-toxic liquids drained out Hydraulic Fracturing Process Inject toxic fluids at very high pressure to fracture/shatter. ? Production & Dehydration Process Crude oil & gas & brine flows out of wells for years. Brine waste is separated out. When pressure is released you get “flowback”, a combo Brine is produced during the entire lifetime of fluids/earth waste that’s mixed & flows back to surface. of the well. It is 400 M year old seawater trapped Fracturing fluids-includes many hazardous chemicals in layers of rock along with crude oil & gas. It is Frac Sand-fine silica used to hold fractures open contaminated with radioactive radium & other Brine trapped in rock & shattered rock w/ toxic deposits toxins buried in the ground. It can also mix with Drill cuttings & silt left behind from drilling & additional toxic chemicals that didn’t flowback previously. fractured/shattered earth materials & toxins. Storage Process Natural gas stored under ground & in LPG wells. Brine “falls out” during storage. Disposal Process Leachate or liquids drained from solid wastes or landfills. Leachate carries chemicals & toxins dumped in the landfill, & can include radioactive decay progeny from radium left “cooking” in the landfill. Both drill cuttings and flowback can contain hazardous chemicals and many naturally-occurring but hazardous toxins buried in the ground including radium, lead, arsenic, other toxins & heavy metals that are naturally occurring. Brine has high levels of chlorides & contains residual chemicals & naturally-occurring toxins adsorbed into the brine, due to radioactive & heavy metal deposits & other toxins buried for 100 Ms of years, radium, lead are common. Unconventional Oil & Gas Wells Drilling Process Drill vertically & horizontally average 4 miles w/ drill muds. High Volume Horizontal Hydraulic Fracturing Process Inject millions of gallons of toxic fluids at very high pressure to shatter and fracture rock. ? Production & Dehydration Process Crude oil & gas & brine flows out of wells for years. Brine waste is separated out. Storage Process Natural gas stored under ground & in LPG wells. Disposal Process Leachate or liquids drained from solid wastes or landfills