The Age of Napoleon Chapter 6 Section 3

The Age of Napoleon Chapter 6 Section 3

Napoleon Rises to Power • Born in Corsica • Age 9 sent to France to be trained for military career. • Favored the Jacobins and republican rule • “Since one must take sides , one might as well choose the side that is victorious, the side which devastates, loots, and burns. Considering the alternative, it is better to eat than be eaten. ”

• Napoleon skills and victories allowed him to quickly rise in the French army. • He won many major victories • Drove British army out of Toulon • Captured most of northern Italy- Forcing the Hapsburg emperor to make peace • Went to Egypt to stop British Trade- was a major failure, but hide them by establishing a network of spies and censoring the press • 1799 helped overthrow the Directory, set up three man governing board= Consulate • Took title of First Consul – 1802 was named consul for life

Napoleon Crowns Himself Emperor • Invited the pope to the coronation • Took the crown from the pope’s hands and placed it on his own head. • This showed that owned his throne to non one but himself

Napoleon Reforms France • Strengthen central government • Replaced the slogan of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity with Order, Security, and Efficiency • Controlled prices, encouraged new industry, built roads and canals, set up public schools • Made peace with the church= Concordat of 1801 • Recognized peasants rights for land • Opened jobs to all, based on talent • Created Napoleonic Code= equality of all citizens, religious toleration and abolition of feudalism

Napoleon Builds an Empire • Created a vast French empire • Annexed the Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany • Boosted the spirit of nationalism • Britain alone remained outside of Napoleon’s European empire • Waged economic ware through the Continental System= closed European ports to British goods- failed to bring Britain his control

Napoleon’s Empire Faces Challenges • Spain waged Guerrilla warfare against Napoleon’s armies • Defeated Austria • Russia withdrew its support from the Continental System- Napoleon assembled an army with soldiers from 20 nations= Grand Army • Napoleon invaded Russia, Russians retreated burning crops and villages as they went= Scorched-earth policy • Russian winter stops the Grand army- only 20, 000 of the 600, 000 survived

Section 4

Napoleon Falls From Power • The defeat of the Grand Army brought a new alliance of Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia and they defeated him at the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig. • Napoleon is abdicated- stepped down from power • Exiled to Elba, island in the Mediterranean • Louis XVIII became king of France • Napoleon escaped exile and returned to France to take control again • Napoleon is crushed at the Battle of Waterloo and once again is exiled on St. Helena- he never returned, was poisoned

Congress of Vienna • European Leaders met to create a balance of power • Surrounded France with strong countries to contain France • Created the country of the Netherlands to the north, Prussia to the East and Austria in Northern Italy • Created the Concert of Europe- countries met to discuss problems affecting the peace of Europe