Technology In Action Chapter 11 Behind the Scenes

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Behind the Scenes: Databases and Information Systems © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. NEXT SLIDE 1

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Objectives • • Databases and their uses Database components Types of databases Database management systems Relational databases Data warehouses and data marts Information systems Data mining © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. NEXT SLIDE 2

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Life without database © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 3

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Databases • Electronic collections of related data • Help us organize data • Turn data into information © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. NEXT SLIDE 4

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Advantages of Using Databases • Enable information sharing Data centralization Financial Aid • Data integrity • Flexibility Recording grades Student Registration Student Information Student housing Database Parents © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. NEXT SLIDE 5

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Database Terminology • Field: – Category of information displayed in columns • Data types: – – – Text Numeric Date Memo Object Hyperlink © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Field Name One Field NEXT SLIDE 6

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Database Terminology • Record: – A group of related fields • Table: – A group of related records • Primary key: – A field value unique to a record © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Record Table Primary Key NEXT SLIDE 7

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Database Types • Relational databases: – Organize data in a table – Link tables to each other through their primary keys • Object-oriented databases: – Stores data in objects – Handles unstructured data • Object-relational databases: – A hybrid of a relational and object-oriented database © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. NEXT SLIDE 8

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Database Management Systems (DBMS) • Application software designed to acquire and analyze data • Four main operations of a DBMS are: – – Creating databases and entering data Viewing and sorting data Extracting data Outputting data © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. NEXT SLIDE 9

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Relational Database Operations • Relational databases organize data into tables based on logical groupings • Relationships are links between tables with related data • Common fields between tables need to exist • Normalization of data (recording data once) reduces data redundancy © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. NEXT SLIDE 14

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Data Storage • Data warehouses: – A large scale repository of data – Organizes all the data related to an organization – Data is organized by subject © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. NEXT SLIDE 15

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Populating Data Warehouses • • • Source data Internal External Customers Data staging • Extract data from source • Reformat the data • Store the data © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Data marts • Small slices of data • Data of a single department Data warehouse illustration NEXT SLIDE 16

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Managing Data: Information Systems • Information systems: – Software-based solutions used to gather and analyze information • Functions performed by information systems include: – – Acquiring data Processing data into information Storing data Providing output options © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. NEXT SLIDE 18

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Information Systems Categories • • Office support Transaction processing Management Decision support © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. NEXT SLIDE 19

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Data Mining • Process by which data are analyzed and investigated • Objective is to spot patterns or trends within the data © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. NEXT SLIDE 24

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Data Mining Methods • Classification: – Define data classes • Estimation: – Assign a value to data • Affinity grouping or association rules: – Determine which data goes together • Clustering: – Organize data into subgroups • Description and visualization: – Provides a clear picture of what is happening © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. NEXT SLIDE 25

Technology In Action Chapter 11 Summary Questions • What is a database and why is it beneficial to use databases? • What components make up a database? • What types of databases are there? • What do database management systems do? • How do relational databases organize and manipulate data? • What is data mining? © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. NEXT SLIDE 26