Reflexive Intensive Reciprocal Pronouns Povratne zamjenice s osvrtom
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Reflexive, Intensive & Reciprocal Pronouns Povratne zamjenice s osvrtom na naglašavajuće i recipročne zamjenice
Što su povratne zamjenice?
Povratna zamjenica jeste takva vrsta zamjenice koja radnju izrečenu glagolom ne prenosi na objekta već je vraća na subjekta. Primjer: • • Ti vidiš sebe. Ja se brijem. On se kupa. Ona se smije.
Hrvatski i engleski jezik: U svim jezicima postoje povratne zamjenice, pa tako i u engleskome. Ali, postoji bitna razlika između onih u hrvatskome i onih u engleskome jeziku. 1. U hrvatskome jeziku povratna zamjenica “sebe” ili “se” ima isti oblik u svim licima: • • • Ja se kupam. Ona se šminka. Oni se tuku. On se probudio. Mi se smijemo.
U engleskome jeziku, nasuprot tomu, svako lice ima drugačiji oblik povratne zamjenice: Lična zamjenica Povratna zamjenica I myself you (singular) yourself you (plural) yourselves he himself she herself it itself we ourselves they themselves
Prema tomu, povratna se zamjenica u engleskome jeziku tvori na način da na oblik posvojnog pridjeva (my, your, him, her, its, our, them) dodamo nastavak “-self” u jednini i “-selves” u množini. • Students who cheat on the quiz are only hurting themselves. Objašnjenje: “Themselves” je povratna zamjenica. Osoba na koju se ta povratna zamjenica odnosi su “students”(subjekt). • I am teaching myself to play the piano. • Be careful with that knife. You might cut yourself. • She bought a present for herself. • They injured themselves during the rugby match.
Povratne zamjenice se koriste u tri slučaja: I hurt myself. When su thesubjekt subject and objectista are the same The band call themselves "Dire Straits". Kada i objekt osoba. He shot himself. I bought a present for myself. As thejeobject of odvojen a preposition, referring Kada objekt prijedlogom She did it by herself (=alone). to the subject ali se odnosi na subjekta. That man is talking to himself. Kada želimo naglasiti da je subjekt I'll do it myself. (Nitko mi nije pomogao. ) When you want uradio* to emphasize the subject They ate all the food themselves. (Ništa nešto osobno nije ostalo za druge – sve su sami pojeli. ) *Ovakve povratne zamjenice nazivaju se intenzivirajuće, i o njima će biti riječi u slijedećem odjeljku.
Zapamtite… Povratnu ćemo zamjenicu upotrijebiti samo ako se odnosi na subjekta. Drugim riječima… “Please hand that book to myself. ” je netočno jer u rečenici nema “I” ili “me” na koje bi se povratna zamjenica myself odnosila.
Nikada ne koristite hisself ili theirselves! Netočno: The boy made hisself breakfast. već isključivo himself ili themselves! Točno: The boy made himself breakfast.
Točno ili netočno? We helped ourselves to the cake.
Točno! Točno …ourselves se odnosi na we
Točno ili netočno? • Bob and myself are responsible for you.
Netočno! Netočno: …pogrješna upotreba povratne zamjenice myself …. . treba reći samo “Bob and me”
Točno ili netočno? • They made dinner for theirselves.
Netočno! theirselves ne postoji kao riječ…upotrijebite themselves Netočno: …
Točno ili netočno? These decisions will be made by myself.
Netočno! Netočno: …pogrješna upotreba povratne zamjenice myself … treba reći “made by me”
Točno ili netočno? I gave that book to myself for Christmas.
Točno! Točno: …” myself” se odnosi na “I”
Glagoli s povratnim zamjenicama Povratne zamjenice se koriste uvijek iza prijelaznih glagola da označe da su objekt i subjekt ista osoba. Ovo su glagoli koji se najčešće koriste uz povratne zamjenice: • • cut dry enjoy hurt introduce kill prepare teach
Glagoli koji mijenjaju značenje kada su upotrijebljeni s povratnom zamjenicom Neki glagoli, kada se upotrijebe s povratnom zamjenicom, mijenjaju značenje. Takvi su glagoli: • amuse • apply • busy • content • behave • blame • distance • express • find • help
Primjeri: 1. Would you like to help yourself to another drink? = Would you like to take another drink? 2. I wish the children would behave themselves. = I wish the children would behave well. 3. He found himself lying by the side of the road. = He was surprised when he realised that he was at the side of the road. 4. I saw myself as a famous actor. = I imagined that I was a famous actor. 5. She applied herself to the job of mending the lights. = She worked very hard to mend the lights. 6. He busied himself in the kitchen. = He worked busily in the kitchen. 7. I had to content myself with a few Euros. = I had to be satisfied with a few Euros.
Glagoli koji ne idu s povratnim zamjenicama Nasuprot mnogim drugim jezicima, (pa tako i hrvatskome), u engleskome jeziku postoji određen broj glagola koji se ne koriste uz povratnu zamjenicu. Mi, u hrvatskome jeziku kažemo: • • • (o)brijati se (o)tuširati se (pro)buditi se žaliti se sjetiti se obući se
Glagoli koji ne idu s povratnim zamjenicama U engleskome jeziku, međutim, ti i slični glagoli se upotrebljavaju bez povratne zamjenice. Takvi su glagoli: adapt, complain, concentrate, get up, hide, lie down, meet, move, relax, remember, shave, shower, sit down. Dakle, kažemo: • • • he adapted (NE himself) he concentrated (NE himself) he shaves (NE himself) he got up (NE himself) he remembers he hides (NE himself)
Zapamtite, povratna zamjenica sastavni je dio rečenice, bez nje rečenica nema puno značenje. Međutim, ako isti oblik zamjenice upotrijebimo tamo gdje ona ne utječe na značenje rečenice, tada se ona naziva naglašavajuća zamjenica. Primjeri: Povratna – The boy made himself breakfast. Intenzivirajuća – The boy made breakfast himself.
Što su naglašavajuće zamjenice: Naglašavajuće zamjenice su takva vrsta zamjenica koje imaju isti oblik kao povratne, ali različitu ulogu u rečenici. Njih koristimo kada hoćemo naglasiti ulogu subjekta – kada hoćemo istaknuti da je subjekt nešto osobno uradio, bez ičije pomoći. • I did it myself. • He built his house himself. • You yourself can easily transform your body: All it takes is a proper diet and plenty of exercise. • The team knew that they themselves were responsible for playing their best.
Test your knowledge…. . Identify each pronoun as intensive or reflective. 1. Dan himself did not know where he put his pencil. 2. Did Abby give her pap a hug? 3. Chelsea and Rachael did the work themselves. 4. The dog made itself dizzy. 5. 5. I read the book myself.
Answers 1. Intensive – himself is not necessary to the basic meaning of the sentence 2. Reflexive – her reflects Abby 3. Intensive – themselves is not necessary to the basic meaning of the sentence 4. Reflexive – itself reflects dog 5. 5. Intensive – myself is not necessary to the basic meaning of the sentence
Recipročne (uzajamne) zamjenice Recipročne ili uzajamne zamjenice u engleskome jeziku označavaju uzajamnost osoba, stvari ili pojmova na koje se odnose. Koriste se kada dvije ili više osoba čine istu stvar jedni drugima. • Peter and Mary helped one another. = Peter helped Mary and Mary helped Peter. • We sent each other Christmas cards. = We sent them a Christmas card and they sent us a Christmas card. • They didn’t look at one another. = He didn't look at her and she didn't look at him.
- Reciprocal and reflexive pronouns
- Ja ti on mi vi oni
- Sebe se
- Posvojne zamjenice sklonidba
- Zamjenica koji
- Reflexive and intensive pronouns
- The meaning of reflexive pronoun
- Whats an intensive pronoun
- Difference between reflexive and intensive pronoun
- Reflexive vs intensive
- Reflexive pronouns
- Non reflexive pronouns
- Difference between reflexive and intensive pronoun
- Whats a intensive pronoun
- Indica el reflexivo reciproco adecuado
- Svegliarsi conjugation
- Andse
- Encontrar reciprocal reflexive
- Reciprocal reflexive verbs
- Ver reciprocal reflexive
- Funny pronouns
- Intensive pronouns meaning
- Objective phrases
- Personal pronoun
- Mich dich sich akkusativ
- Complete the sentences with reflexive pronouns
- Fill in the missing reflexive pronouns
- Whats an intensive pronoun
- Personal possessive reflexive and indefinite pronouns
- Example of personal pronoun
- Spanish relative pronouns