Present Infinitives Page 206 Present Active Infinitive 2

Present Infinitives (Page 206) Present Active Infinitive = 2 nd Principal Part of the Verb 1 st conj. 2 nd conj. Reg. 3 rd conj. “io” 3 rd conj. 4 th conj. Irreg. “to be” Active Voice Passive Voice vocare monere regere capere audire esse vocari moneri regi capi audiri to call to warn to rule to take to hear to be called to be warned to be ruled to be taken to be heard

The Three Uses of the Infinitive 1. Complementary Infinitive (English Word Order = Subject Verb Infinitive) The man desires to work. Vir laborare desiderat. 2. Subjective Infinitive (Infinitive used as a subject or predicate nominative) It is pleasant to walk. Ambulare est gratum. or Est gratum ambulare. 3. Objective Infinitive (English Word Order = Subject Verb Noun/Pronoun Infinitive) The farmer taught the slaves to work. Agricola servos laborare docuit. (The accusative noun servos in front of the infinitive is called a subject accusative. )

Perfect Active Infinitive (Page 271) In English to have is the indicator of the perfect active infinitive, which is formed by combining to have with the perfect participle: to have + called = to have called. In Latin the perfect active infinitive is formed by adding the indicator -isse to the perfect stem: vocav + isse = vocavisse = to have called First Second Third -io Fourth Perf. Stem + vocav monu rex cep audiv + + + Infinitive Ending isse isse = Form = = = vocavisse monuisse rexisse cepisse audivisse to have called to have warned to have ruled to have taken to have heard

Perfect Passive Infinitive (Page 272) In English to have been is the indicator of the perfect passive infinitive, which is formed by combining to have been with the perfect participle: to have been + called = to have been called. In Latin the perfect passive infinitive is formed by combining the perfect passive participle with esse: vocatus + esse = vocatus esse = to have been called Perf. Pass. Part. + esse = Form First Second Third -io Fourth vocatus -a -um monitus -a -um rectus -a -um captus -a -um auditus -a -um + esse + esse = = = vocatus -a -um esse = to have been called monitus -a -um esse = to have been warned rectus -a -um esse = to have been ruled captus -a -um esse = to have been taken auditus -a -um esse = to have been heard