NTS 5523 Pastoral Epistles Class XIV 2 Tim

NTS 5523 Pastoral Epistles Class XIV: 2 Tim 4: 9 -22 & Conclusion © Dr. Esa Autero

2 Tim 4: 9 -22 & Conclusion 1. 1 Introduction to 2 Timothy 4: 9 -22 • Any specific topics that catch your attention in 2 Tim 4: 9 -22? • Any specific sections that have been used for • Doctrinal formulations? • Practical considerations in church or society? • Any questions/comments arising from the assigned readings?

2 Tim 4: 9 -22 & Conclusion 1. 2 Structure and Rhetoric of 2 Timothy 4: 9 -22 • Travel plans & personal concerns (4: 9 -18) • Instructions to Timothy (4: 9 -15) • God’s faithfulness (4: 16 -18) • Closing and final greetings (4: 19 -22) • Paul at the end of his journey – for the sake of the gospel • Many abandoned – some with him • Without formal defense, minimal support, abandoned • Missing Timothy God’s faithfulness stands Emotional pathos-filled style & rhetoric due to Paul’s circumstances

2 Tim 4: 9 -22 & Conclusion • Paul’s personal concerns (4: 9 -15) • Timothy – “every effort to come to me” (4: 9) • Paul misses Timothy – repeated x 4 (vv. 11, 13, 21) • Many had deserted Paul (cf. 1: 15) • Demas “loved this age” (Col 4: 12; Phlm 24) • Crescens – to Galatia Practical, relational • Titus – to Dalmatia (cf. Tit 3: 12; Rom 15: 19) • Alexander the coppersmith – did much harm or spiritual desertion? • Paul’s companions – still w/ Paul or coming to him • Luke (Col 4: 16; Lk-Acts) • Mark – same as John Mark (Acts 13 -14; 1 Pet 5: 13) • Tychicus – Paul sent to Ephesus – letter carrier? replace Timothy? * See also other coworkers in vv. 19 -21

2 Tim 4: 9 -22 & Conclusion • Timothy to bring… • Cloak from Troas – for the upcoming winter • Books (ta biblia) – scrolls [of Scripture? ] • Parchments (tas membranas) – “paper” made of sheepskins; made into a codex • Paul’s personal notes or copies of his letters τὰ βιβλία μάλιστα τὰς μεμβράνας could mean: two kinds of “books” (Scripture & notes) or “books, that is parchments” (Scripture or notes) • Alexander the coppersmith – “did much harm” – possibly legal charges against Paul* • Same Alexander as in 1 Tim 1: 20? Alexander in Acts 19: 33? • Alexander continued to oppose Paul** – warning to Timothy • Opposed the gospel; leading opponent(? ) – Lord will repay (Ps 61: 13) Specifics elude

2 Tim 4: 9 -22 & Conclusion • First hearing – no formal defense • Everyone abandoned Paul – not to be accounted against them (Lk 23: 3) • Paul’s “final days” patterned after Ps 22 & Christ’s crucifixion/resurrection* • 2 nd hearing in process – earlier hearing had 2 yr. “delay” (Acts 24: 1, 23, 27) • “Lord stood by” – in contrast to others – and was faithful • Lord strengthened & rescued – will remain faithful to the end • Lion’s mouth – literal/metaphorical (Ps 7: 2; 22: 19 -22; 35: 17; Dan 6: 20 -27; 1 Macc 2: 60; 4 Macc 18: 13)** • “Full proclamation” – reference to gospel witness b/f emperor/rulers • Rescue from every evil deed – bring to kingdom Paul’s unwavering trust in the Lord despite hardships & abandonment

2 Tim 4: 9 -22 & Conclusion • Closing greetings (4: 19 -22) • Prisca and Aquila – Paul’s coworkers (Acts 18: 18; 1 Cor 16: 19; Rom 16: 3 -4) • Household of Onesiphorus (1: 15 -18) • Erastus – Corinthian city treasurer [aedile] (Rom 16: 23; Acts 19: 22) • Trophimus accompanied Paul to Jerusalem (Acts 20: 1 -6; 21: 29) • Eubulus – presbyter in Achaea[? ] (Acts of Paul 8. 1. 1; 1 Cor 16: 15 -18) • Pudens – son of a Senator (Gloer & Stepp, 279) • Linus – overseer/bishop in Rome after Peter[? ] (Adv. Haer. 3. 3. 3) • Claudia – a slave of the emperor’s household (Gloer & Stepp, 279) • Final greeting to “all brethren” Lord be with you – grace

2 Tim 4: 9 -22 & Conclusion • Theological and practical review of Pastoral Epistles 1) Describe the specific context & circumstances of 1 Tim, 2 Tim & Titus? • How does the situation-specific context of the letters influence how we apply them today? • Give a specific example where a text cannot be applied directly to present-day circumstances. 2) What do PEs teach about salvation? • What is the role of God, Christ, Spirit, and humans in salvation? • What is the role of apostasy and God’s faithfulness in PEs?

2 Tim 4: 9 -22 & Conclusion 3) What do PEs teach about the qualities and character of… • Church leaders & ordinary Christians • What are the implications to organizing church’s teaching and other ministries today? 4) What kind of church structure emerges from PE? • What is the relationship between elders and overseers? • What is the relationship between elders/overseer to Timothy & Titus? • What is the relationship of elders and overseers to “Apostles, prophets, pastors, and teachers” (Eph 4: 11)? Where does modern day “pastor” fit in all this? 5) Paul uses various rhetorical conventions in PEs • What rhetorical techniques does Paul use in PEs and for what purpose? • What is the significance of Paul’s frequent use of Hellenistic terminology (e. g. eusebeia, epiphaneia etc. ) in PEs for teaching and communicating the gospel?