Noun Review 1 st2 nd declensions Aug 29

Noun Review 1 st/2 nd declensions Aug. 29, 2012

Latin Nouns Have 4 Features • Case---how a noun works in its sentence. • Number---whether a noun is singular or plural (singular=one, plural=more than one) • Gender---whether a noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter. • Declension---each noun belongs to one of the 5 declensions (groups of nouns that share the same pattern of endings)

In Latin, the use of the noun is determined by its case ending, not its place in the sentence. There are five cases: • Nominative - subject and predicate nominative • • Genitive – possession Dative - indirect object Accusative - direct object Ablative – (various)

1 st Declension Nouns • 1 st declension nouns end in –ae in their genitive form (the 2 nd form listed in the vocab list). • Most 1 st declension nouns are feminine. aqua, aquae (feminine) : water

Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: Puella Nominative singular puellae, f. Genitive singular girl Meaning Gender Puellae – ae = puell Noun Stem

In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun. Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Example: insularum = plural genitive W rit et do he wn se ! (Endings) Singular Plural a ae ae am a ae arum is as is

Step 2: Add the case endings to the noun stem. Singular Plural Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative On your whiteboard, decline the following 2 nouns: via, viae (f. ) and aqua, aquae (f. )

2 nd Declension Nouns • 2 nd declension nouns end in –i in the genitive singular. • Most 2 nd declension nouns are masculine or neuter. • Let’s learn how to decline a 2 nd declension noun on its “declension chart. ”

Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: servus servi, m. Nominative singular Genitive singular Gender slave Meaning servi – i = serv. Noun Stem

In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun. Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative (Masc. Endings) Singular Plural -us/-er/-ir -i -o -um -o -i -orum -is -os -is W rit et do he wn se !

In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun. servus, servi (m. ) --- slave Case Singular Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative servus servi servo servum servo Plural servi servorum servis servos servis Your turn! Try equus, equi (m. ) --- horse

2 nd declension neuter nouns have 3 different endings than masculine. factum, facti (n. ) --- deed Case Singular Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative factum facti facto factum facto Plural facta factorum factis facta factis Your turn! Try templum, templi (n. ) --- temple