Translation Tutorial Place your keyboard aside Only use

Translation Tutorial Place your keyboard aside. Only use the mouse.

Translation ribosome Translation takes place at the ribosome and it’s the process of the ribosomes creating proteins from smaller amino acids. How did we get to the ribosome? Let’s review.

BACK Transcription Review CELL NUCEUS ribosome A process called transcription starts in the nucleus, where an enzyme called RNA polymerase splits the DNA molecule. NEXT

BACK Transcription Review CELL NUCEUS AUG CCA UAU GGC UAA GCA ribosome NEXT A process called transcription starts in the nucleus, where an enzyme called RNA polymerase splits the DNA molecule. Next, free floating m. RNA nucleotides bond to the open DNA molecule. Once finished, the m. RNA breaks away and exits the nucleus. The m. RNA will then join a ribosome. Now, the process of translation will begin.

BACK Translation Process ribosome The ribosome will read 3 m. RNA nucleotides at a time. The 3 m. RNA nucleotides are called a codon. Each codon will match for the delivery of a specific amino acid. Remember that amino acids link together to create a single protein. Click to see the codons It took scientists many years of experimentation to learn which codon creates which amino acid.

BACK The Genetic Code This table is the same for almost every organism on Earth. In the chart above, click on the “AUG” codon.

BACK AUG codon Correct! Whenever an AUG codon is read by the ribosome, the amino acid called METHIONINE will be delivered to the ribosome. Notice how the chart says “start codon” below methionine? This also means that the codon AUG will activate the ribosome to start the process of making a protein. Click on the CCA codon.

BACK CCA codon Correct! Whenever a CCA codon is read by the ribosome, the amino acid called PROLINE will be delivered to the ribosome. This process will continue until a “Stop codon” is read by the ribosome. This is how the ribosome knows that a protein is finished. Click on any of the STOP CODONS.

BACK Transfer RNA Correct! Stop codons tell the ribosome to stop making a protein. So who…or what…is delivering these amino acids? In the cytoplasm, there are countless amino acids and other molecules called transfer RNA (t. RNA). t. RNA will pick up the proper amino acid and deliver it to the ribosome. Amino Acid serine Amino Acid proline Amino Acid methionine

BACK Watching the Process The m. RNA enters the ribosome. The ribosome will begin to read the m. RNA one codon at a time. Click on the amino acid that will be 1 st delivered to the ribosome? Hint: Examine the Genetic Code chart on your handout to find the 1 st codon. Now that methionine is delivered, t. RNA drops off methionine and the ribosome moves to the next codon. choices phenylalanine serine histidine Glutamic acid leucine proline glutamine cysteine isoleucine threonine asparagine tryptophan methionine alanine lysine arginine valine tyrosine Aspartic acid glycine Stop codon Amino Acid methionine 1 st codon ribosome

BACK Watching the Process The m. RNA enters the ribosome. The ribosome will begin to read the m. RNA one codon at a time. Click on the amino acid that will be 1 st delivered to the ribosome? Hint: Examine the Genetic Code chart on your handout to find the 1 st codon. Now that methionine is delivered, t. RNA drops off methionine and the ribosome moves to the next codon. choices phenylalanine serine histidine Glutamic acid leucine proline glutamine cysteine isoleucine threonine asparagine tryptophan methionine alanine lysine arginine valine tyrosine Aspartic acid glycine Stop codon Amino Acid methionine ribosome

Watching the Process The m. RNA enters the ribosome. The ribosome will begin to read the m. RNA one codon at a time. Click on the amino acid that will be 1 st delivered to the ribosome? Hint: Examine the Genetic Code chart on your handout to find the 1 st codon. Now that methionine is delivered, t. RNA drops off methionine and the ribosome moves to the next codon. Click on the next amino acid to be delivered. choices phenylalanine serine histidine Glutamic acid leucine proline glutamine cysteine isoleucine threonine asparagine tryptophan methionine alanine lysine arginine valine tyrosine Aspartic acid glycine Stop codon Amino Acid methionine 2 nd codon ribosome

BACK Watching the Process Correct! CCA is the codon for the amino acid proline. Transfer RNA will deliver proline to the ribosome. Again, t. RNA will drop off the amino acid and exit. The ribosome will move to the next codon. choices phenylalanine serine histidine Glutamic acid leucine proline glutamine cysteine isoleucine threonine asparagine tryptophan methionine alanine lysine arginine valine tyrosine Aspartic acid glycine Stop codon Amino Acid proline Amino Acid methionine ribosome

BACK Watching the Process Correct! CCA is the codon for the amino acid proline. Transfer RNA will deliver proline to the ribosome. Again, t. RNA will drop off the amino acid and exit. The ribosome will move to the next codon. choices phenylalanine serine histidine Glutamic acid leucine proline glutamine cysteine isoleucine threonine asparagine tryptophan methionine alanine lysine arginine valine tyrosine Aspartic acid glycine Stop codon Amino Acid proline Amino Acid methionine ribosome

BACK Watching the Process Click on the amino acid which will be the 3 rd delivered to the ribosome. Once again, the t. RNA exits and the ribosome moves down a notch. choices phenylalanine serine histidine Glutamic acid leucine proline glutamine cysteine isoleucine threonine asparagine tryptophan methionine alanine lysine arginine valine tyrosine Aspartic acid glycine Stop codon Amino Acid tyrosine Amino Acid methionine proline ribosome

BACK Watching the Process Click on the amino acid which will the 3 rd delivered to the ribosome. Once again, the t. RNA exits and the ribosome moves down a notch. Click on the amino acid that will be 4 th delivered. choices phenylalanine serine histidine Glutamic acid leucine proline glutamine cysteine isoleucine threonine asparagine tryptophan methionine alanine lysine arginine valine tyrosine Aspartic acid glycine Stop codon Amino Acid tyrosine Amino Acid methionine proline ribosome

BACK Watching the Process Yep… GGC is the codon for the amino acid GLYCINE. Transfer RNA will deliver glycine to the ribosome. Now what happens? choices DNA helix splits m. RNA reads the DNA t. RNA exits phenylalanine serine histidine Glutamic acid leucine proline glutamine cysteine isoleucine threonine asparagine tryptophan methionine alanine lysine arginine valine tyrosine Aspartic acid glycine Stop codon Amino Acid glycine Amino Acid methionine proline tyrosine ribosome

BACK Watching the Process You got it! Examine the next codon and click the proper choice from the table below. choices phenylalanine serine histidine Glutamic acid leucine proline glutamine cysteine isoleucine threonine asparagine tryptophan methionine alanine lysine arginine valine tyrosine Aspartic acid glycine Stop codon Amino Acid glycine Amino Acid methionine proline tyrosine ribosome

BACK Watching the Process STOP! This protein is finished. The ribosome and m. RNA will break apart. How many amino acids long is this finished protein? One Two Four Three Five choices phenylalanine serine histidine Glutamic acid leucine proline glutamine cysteine isoleucine threonine asparagine tryptophan methionine alanine lysine arginine valine tyrosine Aspartic acid glycine Stop codon Amino Acid methionine proline glycine tyrosine ribosome

BACK Amino Acid methionine proline glycine tyrosine This protein is only 4 amino acids in length. In reality, they are often thousands of amino acids in size. This finished protein will now by used by the cell or exported by which organelle of the cell? Mitochondria Golgi body Rough ER Chlorplast

BACK Final Review Good memory. Review #1: Which process creates the m. RNA that is read by the ribosome? Replication Transcription Translation

BACK Final Review Correct! Review #2: What does t. RNA deliver to the ribosome? m. RNA DNA Amino acids Proteins

BACK Final Review Correct! Review #3: Which molecule directly determines which amino acid transfer RNA delivers to the ribosome? messenger RNA DNA RNA polymerase The nucleus

BACK Final Review Correct! Review #4: Where does the process of translation take place? Inside the nucleus Inside the Golgi body At the ribosome Inside the vacuole

BACK Final Review Correct! Review #5: If the DNA code was TTC-AAT-GGC, perform transcription to determine the m. RNA code. AAG-TTA-CCG TTC-AAT-GGC AAG-UUA-CCG UUG-TTA-UCG

BACK Final Review Correct! Review #6: If the m. RNA code is AAG-UUA-CCG, which three amino acids are going to be delivered to the ribosome? LYSINE – CYSTEINE - ASPARAGINE LEUCINE - PROLINE - VALINE LYSINE – LEUCINE - PROLINE SERINE – METHIONINE - GLUTAMIC ACID

Correct! I hope this tutorial was helpful. This will be posted on my website for you to review at any time. Turn in your handout. Feel free to start over if you would like to do some review.

Find the AUG codon. This code tells the ribosome to deliver the amino acid called methionine. Click on the AUG codon to proceed.

Find the CCA codon. This code tells the ribosome to deliver the amino acid called proline. Click on the CCA codon to proceed.

Find the stop codons. These codes tells the ribosome to stop creating the protein. Click on the any stop codon to proceed.

The first three letters are AUG. The ribosome reads the AUG and the amino acid called methionine is delivered. Click return to try again. return

The next three letters are CCA. The ribosome reads the CCA and the amino acid called proline is delivered. Click return to try again. return

The next three letters are UAU. The ribosome reads the UAU and the amino acid called tyrosine is delivered. Click return to try again. return

DNA is not directly involved in translation. Try again. return

This has already happened. I want to know what happens next. Try again. return

The next three letters are UAA. The ribosome reads the UAA and this is one of the signals to stop creating the protein. Click return to try again. return

Amino Acid methionine proline glycine tyrosine Count ‘em up! This protein is only 4 amino acids in length. return

Mitochondria Creates ATP energy Rough ER Transports ribosomes around the cell Chloroplast Creates sugars by photosynthesis Click return to try again. return

Replication Process of DNA duplication Translation Process of creating proteins Click return to try again. return

m. RNA Their role is to read the DNA code and carry the message to a ribosome DNA It’s role is to provide the original code to create a protein Proteins They are created by translation and used in a wide variety of cell functions. Click return to try again. return

DNA It’s role is to provide the original code to create a protein. RNA polymerase It’s role is to cut the DNA at the start of transcription. The Nucleus This is where transcription occurs when the DNA is copied by the m. RNA. Click return to try again. return

Inside the nucleus Transcription takes place inside the nucleus (not translation) Inside the Golgi body This is where a finished protein will travel to be sorted. However, the protein is not created at the Golgi body. Inside the Vacuole This is where food and water are stored. The vacuole plays no part in translation. Click return to try again. return

DNA nucleotide m. RNA nucleotide A U T A C G G C Remember this transcription table? return

AAG -UUA-CCG I will help you get started. The first codon is AAG. Find AAG on the m. RNA codon chart. AAG codes for lysine. This is the amino acid that t. RNA will deliver. return