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Outline for organisms Introduction What do organisms need to survive and reproduce? How do

Niche: ecological role of a species in the community - determines the range of

Habitat: the physical setting in which an organism lives 4

How do organisms cope with variability? behavioral adaptations physiological adaptations developmental adaptations 7

behavioral - organisms can alter their behavior to stay within range of environmental conditions

physiological - the physiology of an organism can change such that the range of

Figure 9. 10 blue = grown at 20 C orange = grown at 40

How do organisms cope with variability? behavioral adaptations physiological adaptations developmental adaptations 14

developmental - particular traits of an organism may be affected by the environmental conditions

Surviving extreme conditions For example, long, cold winters or long, very dry seasons 17

Outline for organisms Introduction and review of adaptation What do organisms need to survive

optimal foraging theory – organisms will forage in a way that maximizes energy intake

Do starlings forage optimally? Figure 9. 18 21

Should an organism risk predation to forage in an area with a lot of

Slides: 22

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Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Week of Sept. 22 Indoor lab – bring calculator Week of Sept. 29 Oct. 3 Exam 1 Wet outdoor lab – wear closed-toed shoes Week of Oct. 6 Indoor lab – bring calculator Week of Oct. 13 No labs – Fall Break 1

Outline for organisms Introduction What do organisms need to survive and reproduce? How do organisms cope with variability? 2

Niche: ecological role of a species in the community - determines the range of conditions an organism can tolerate, how it feeds, how it escapes enemies, etc. - no two species have the same niche 3

Habitat: the physical setting in which an organism lives 4

Outline for organisms Introduction What do organisms need to survive and reproduce? How do organisms cope with variability? 5

Fig. 9. 4 6

How do organisms cope with variability? behavioral adaptations physiological adaptations developmental adaptations 7

behavioral - organisms can alter their behavior to stay within range of environmental conditions required to survive and reproduce 8

preferred temp. 9

physiological - the physiology of an organism can change such that the range of environmental conditions it can tolerate changes - reversible - acclimation 11

Figure 9. 9 12

Figure 9. 10 blue = grown at 20 C orange = grown at 40 C 13

How do organisms cope with variability? behavioral adaptations physiological adaptations developmental adaptations 14

developmental - particular traits of an organism may be affected by the environmental conditions under which it develops - irreversible 15

Surviving extreme conditions For example, long, cold winters or long, very dry seasons 17

Outline for organisms Introduction and review of adaptation What do organisms need to survive and reproduce? How do organisms cope with variability? -example of variability in food resources 18

optimal foraging theory – organisms will forage in a way that maximizes energy intake per time while minimizing risk In lab – had to forage in way that maximized bean capture and minimized getting tagged by predator 19

Figure 9. 16 20

Do starlings forage optimally? Figure 9. 18 21

Should an organism risk predation to forage in an area with a lot of food? Figure 9. 19 22