Krakatoa East of Java 1969 DR GREGG WILKERSON

Krakatoa East of Java (1969) DR. GREGG WILKERSON

Director Bernard L. Kowalski (1929 -2009)

Maximilian Schell, Brien Keith Diane Baker (Journey to the Center of the Earth, 1959)

Where is Krakatoa? West of Java! Netherland East Indies East of Sumatera

The Krakatoa eruptions of 1883 First large volcanic eruption to be studied using scientific equipment and procedures Altered weather patterns for years

Before and After Eruption heard 1, 930 miles away in Perth, Australia

First eruptions Looking for lost ship and loved ones Fire in the sea WATCH IT!

Explanations Hot water Dead Fish Odd bird behavior The Krakatoa island group That’s one good looking, young geologist! WATCH IT!

Aerial and undersea exploration Note use of models Find the sunken ship! WATCH IT!

Descend into the Volcano! Hot air rises! Why did they sink? WATCH IT!

Study the book while the island explodes! Wrecked ship had treasure Inside safe was package and letters Son is OK! Sail through the eruption! WATCH IT!

Lava Flowes Krakatoa didn’t have them Depicted with models Firework volcanoes WATCH IT!

Rescue Save the islanders! Ash and debris falling! WATCH IT!

What actually happened? First signs of eruption May, 1883 Sunday August 26 to Monday August 27 70% of island destroyed as it sank into the caldera Deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in recorded history. 36, 417 deaths from eruption and the tsunamis. Ash fall with pumice bombs up to 4 inches in diameter. 180 d. B of 3 rd explosion caused deafness in anyone within 10 miles of Krakatoa

Tidal waves Produced by collapse of pyroclastic flows Ships felt resulting tsunami as far away as South Africa Town of Merak destroyed by 46 -meter high tidal wave. Pyroclastic flows road on cushion of superheated steam as far as Sumatra, 40 km away 8– 21 km 3 (4. 3– 5. 0 cu mi) of ignimbrite were deposited over 1, 100, 000 km 2 (420, 000 sq mi)

Krakatoa’s “Nuclear Winters” The explosion of Krakatoa (Krakatau) created volcanic winter-like conditions. The four years following the explosion were unusually cold, and the winter of 1887– 1888 included powerful blizzards. Record snowfalls were recorded worldwide.

Force of eruptions 200 megatons of TNT 4 x as powerful as the Tsar Bomba, the most powerful thermonuclear weapon ever detonated Landslides following eruptions tore of half of the Rakata volcano, leading to the final eruption Pressure wave of 3 rd explosion reached 310 d. B and broke eardrums of sailors 40 miles away. Pressure wave circled earth 3. 5 times Ash cloud 80 km high

What happened next? Pyroclastic flows (not lava) Volcanic ash Tsunamis Island of Baten was never repopulated and is now Ujung Kulon National Park