JAMMU UNIVERSITY SEISMIC NETWORK Jammu Kashmir India Presenter

JAMMU UNIVERSITY SEISMIC NETWORK (Jammu & Kashmir, India) Presenter: Dr. Yudhbir Singh Department of Geology, University of Jammu, Jammu (India) Metadata Workshop Managing Waveform Data and Related Metadata for Seismic Networks Bangkok, Thailand January 8 -13, 2012 Acknowledgements: The Head Department of Geology, University of Jammu Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India

INTRODUCTION The state of Jammu & Kashmir is the western most extension of the Himalayan mountain range in India It comprises of the Siwalik, Pir Panjal, Zanskar, Karakoram and Ladakh mountain ranges These mountain ranges are traversed by number of structural features such as Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), Main Central Thrust (MCT), Indo-Tsangpo Suture Zone (ITSZ) in the State of Jammu and Kashmir making it very vulnerable to earthquakes Routine small tremors, moderate to large earthquakes have hit nearly all parts of the state from time to time

Seismic Zonation Map

Significant Earthquakes in Jammu & Kashmir DATE PLACE MAGNITUDE UTC TIME GENERALIZED COORDINATES 6 June 1828 Srinagar 6. 0 NA 34. 08 N, 74. 833 E 30 May 1885 NW of Srinagar 7. 0 NA 34. 60 N, 74. 38 E 17 May 1917 Ladakh 6. 0 21: 45: 50 34. 20 N, 77. 50 E 11 Nov. 1921 Ladakh 6. 0 01: 18: 45 34. 20 N, 77. 50 E 15 Nov. 1937 Northern Ladakh (Indo-China Border ) 6. 0 21: 37: 22 35. 10 N, 78. 10 E 22 June 1945 Near Padua, Kathua (H. P. -J&K Border) 6. 0 18: 00: 51 32. 599 N, 75. 90 E 10 July 1947 Near Padua, Kathua (H. P. -J&K Border) 6. 0 10: 19: 20 32. 599 N, 75. 90 E 12 Aug. 1950 Near Padua, Kathua (H. P. -J&K Border) 6. 0 03: 59: 06 32. 599 N, 75. 90 E 12 Aug. 1950 Gilgit Wazarat (P. O. K. ) 6. 0 06: 12 36. 20 N, 73. 00 E 12 Sep. 1951 Chamba-Udhampur (H. P. -J&K Border ) Districts 6. 0 20: 41: 48 33. 30 N, 76. 50 E 17 June 1962 Udhampur District (Jammu & Kashmir) 6. 0 04: 39: 26. 6 33. 30 N, 76. 20 E

DATE PLACE MAGNITUDE UTC TIME GENERALIZED COORDINATES 22 June 1965 Ladakh (Jammu & Kashmir) 6. 1 05: 49: 18. 90 36. 30 N, 77. 70 E 28 Dec. 1974 NE of Malakhand, NWFP, (Indo. Pakistan Border) 6. 2 12: 11: 43. 70 35. 054 N, 72. 870 E 28 April 1975 Aksai Chin (Indo-China Border ) 6. 3 11: 06: 43. 50 35. 819 N, 79. 915 E 12 Sep. 1981 Gilgit Wazarat (P. O. K. ) 6. 1 07: 15: 54. 17 35. 693 N, 73. 594 E 6 July 1986 Xizang (Indo-China Border) 6. 1 19: 24: 22. 99 34. 424 N, 80. 161 E 5 March 1990 Gilgit Wazarat 6. 0 20: 47: 00. 76 36. 907 N, 73. 021 E 25 March 1990 Gilgit Wazarat (P. O. K. ) 6. 3 14: 17: 18. 82 37. 034 N, 72. 942 E 19 Nov. 1996 Aksai Chin (Indo-China Border) 6. 9 10: 44: 46. 06 35. 345 N, 78. 133 E 28 Jan. 2002 Kithar, Jammu & Kashmir 5. 3 22: 33: 42 33. 100 N, 75. 987 E 1 Nov. 2002 Astore Valley, P. O. K. 5. 3 22: 09: 28 35. 361 N, 74. 718 E 3 Nov. 2002 Astore Valley, P. O. K 5. 3 07: 33: 35 35. 359 N, 74. 636 E 20 Nov. 2002 Astore Valley, P. O. K 6. 3 21: 32: 27 35. 345 N, 74. 592 E 8 Oct. 2005 ** Kashmir-Kohistan, Pakistan. India Border 7. 6 03: 50: 40 34. 432 N, 73. 537 E 23 Oct. 2005 Kashmir-Kohistan 5. 3 04: 16: 48 34. 884 N, 73. 024 E **Largest Instrumented Earthquake in Jammu & Kashmir

Forecast for future earthquakes in the seismic Gaps of Himalaya (after Roger Bilham et al. )

Jammu University Seismic Network Consists of 4 Seismic Observatories –The present network of 4 stations is first of its kind in the state of Jammu and Kashmir – The seismic network in the region has been put in place in 2009 and since then continuous seismic data is being generated –After 2005 earthquake Ministry of Earth Science Govt. of India sanctioned four seismic observatories to University of Jammu to put more focus on the seismic activities in the state

S. No Name of the Seismic Stations Station Code Latitude Longitude 1 Jammu University JAMU 32° 43. 139′ N 74° 52. 052′ E 2 Poonch PUCH 33° 46. 233′ N 74° 06. 415′ E 3 Dooru DORU 33° 34. 079′ N 75° 14. 005′ E 4 Bani BANI 32° 41. 050′ N 75° 48. 282′ E

SEISMIC STATIONS

EQUIPMENTS AT STATIONS Seismometer Fixed GPS Digitizer, Solar charge controller and Battery Solar panels Solar charge controller Portable Digitizer

INSTRUMENTS SEISMOMETER: Broadband Seismometer (Trillium 240)---- Nanometrics Make DIGITIZER : Taurus --- Nanometrics Make GPS Receiver: 8 channels Sensor Inputs Data Storage: Removable media: Data Extraction: Compact Flash mini. SEED Analog Processor (TAP) 3 channels 24 -bit data channels

DATA ACQUISITION AND OTHER FACTS Jammu University station is located in the University Campus and data is being downloaded on daily basis Other 3 seismic stations are remote stations (i. e. 240 km from the University Campus station) The three remote stations are powered by solar power The data from the remote stations is manually downloaded at regular intervals The instrument functionality of the off-site stations is checked regularly by the persons employed for the purpose The retrieved data is being sent to Seismology Division, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India on regular basis

Instrument Spectral Response of Jammu, Poonch, Bani and Doru observatory

Instrument Spectral Response of Instrument at Doru and Bani observatory

FUTURE ACTIVITIES Augmentation of existing seismological network with more observatories with VSAT communication facilities for monitoring earthquake activity in and around J&K

S K N A H T Photographs of 2005 Kashmir Earthquake