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Igneous Rock Igneous rock is rock that cools from magma or lava. Extrusive rocks cool above the surface of the earth, made of lava usually cooling much quicker than intrusive rocks resulting in smaller grain. An example is Basalt (pictured below). So this is an extrusive, mafic, igneous rock. http: //itc. gsw. edu/faculty/tweiland/igrx. htm Intrusive rocks cool beneath the surface of the earth, made of magma usually with larger grain as a result of the slow cooling. This specimen of Diorite is a perfect example being an intrusive felsic igneous rock.

Igneous Rock (continued) Felsic Mafic Felsic rocks are igneous rock made of felsic lava or magma which is silica rich and a runnier type of original substance, usually lighter colors like reds, pinks, or tans. These rocks are very silica rich (high in the element silica). For example, pegmatite is felsic intrusive igneous rock. Mafic rocks are igneous rocks made of magnesium rich lava or magma. This type of magma/ lava is a much thicker, slower moving type that leaves behind rocks with darker colors like black, dark gray, and dark browns. Gabbro fits this category perfectly being a mafic intrusive rock.

Cooling • The faster a rock cools, the smaller the grain. Consequently, the slower the rock cools, the larger the grain as you can see in the granite pictured in the top right, it cooled very slowly. In some special circumstances, the rock will cool extremely fast and develop no grain. This is called volcanic glass, pictured in the top left. (Obsidian)

http: //www. minimegeology. com/home/m geo/smartlist_21/sedimentary_rocks. html Sedimentary Rock • There are three types of sedimentary rock: Clastic, Chemical, and Organic. • Clastic: This is created when one rock is eroded and particles are deposited with particles of other rocks and compressed and cemented together. • Chemical: Chemical rocks are created when elements are dissolved in water and the water evaporates, leaving behind a rock. • Organic: Organic rocks are made when animals or plants die and are buried and compressed into a rock. A perfect example is limestone, made of dead sea animals (pictured above)

Breccia and Conglomerate Rocks Breccia Conglomerate Breccia is a type of Conglomerate rock is another sedimentary rock in which you type of sedimentary rock in can see the different jagged which you can see pieces of rock enveloped in other rock, but these pieces are another rock. You can have round. Just like Breccia, You can many different types of Breccia have many different types of like sandstone Conglomerate rocks like Breccia or Conglomerate sandstone or conglomerate limestone Breccia. limestone. http: //northern-arizona-uraniumproject. com/breccia_pipe_anatomy http: //depthome. brooklyn. cuny. ed u/geology/core 332/geofield. htm

Coal Lignite coal is formed when plants die and fall into a peat or bog. The moisture is partially squeezed out of it and it slightly hardens. It is a brownish color and doesn’t burn as much as smolder. http: //www. minimegeology. com/home/m geo/smartlist_21/sedimentary_rocks. html Bituminous coal is the second layer of coal, with a lot less moisture but still some. It is black and on the softer side. Anthracite coal is the bottom layer with next to no moisture left, black and cannot turn into another type of coal because there is no oxygen to continue its rotting. http: //csmres. jmu. edu/geollab/fic hter/Sed. Rx/Rocks/Coalanth. html

http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock Metamorphic Rock Quartzite • There are only two ways metamorphic rock can be formed. One of the two is contact metamorphism. • Contact metamorphism occurs when magma or lava flows over rocks and morphs them. • Contact metamorphism creates non-foliated rock, meaning that you cannot see the different layers (or bands). A good example of foliation is quartzite, pictured above. • The other way metamorphic rocks can be created is by put under extreme heat and pressure.

Formations • New types of rocks are formed when rocks are metamorphosed like how limestone turns into marble, shale turns into slate, and basalt turns into http: //geology. about. com/od/more_metrocks/ig/metamorphics/marb schist. le. htm Marble Limestone http: //www. minimegeology. com/home/mgeo/sm artlist_21/sedimentary_rocks. html Shale http: //ed 101. bu. edu/Student. Doc/Archives/ED 101 fa 08/deb 24/Metam orphic%20 Rocks. html http: //www. pitt. edu/~cejones/Geo. Images/6 Metamorphic. Rocks/ Slate. html Slate http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Schist Basalt http: //itc. gsw. edu/faculty/tweiland/igrx. htm Schist

http: //www. sciencephoto. com/media/169471/view http: //www. proprofs. com/quiz-school/story. php? title=sedimentaryrocks_1 Phonolite igneous rock THE END! Sandstone http: //www. ck 12. org/user: b. Gdld. Hp. AY 2 hlcn. J 5 Y 3 Jl. ZWt z. Y 2 hvb 2 xz. Lm 9 y. Zw. . /section/Metamorphic-Rocks%253 Aof%253 A-Rocks/ Gneiss