Grammar Mechanics Interjections Interjection a word or words

Grammar - Mechanics

Interjections Interjection: a word or words that show feeling. If the interjection stands alone, it is followed by and exclamation point. Hooray! They won the game. If it begins a sentence, it is set off by a comma. Well, I wasn’t sure.

Interjections Examples Amazing! They don’t know when to stop. Wow! Next time look at the clock. Oh, I don’t think so. Hey, we still have a chance.

Commas in a Series: three or more similar words together in a sentence. Use commas to separate the items in a series. The commas tell the reader to pause between words. A fork, a knife, and a spoon came in a package. A conjunction such as or or and usually appears before the last item in the series. The conjunction connects the items. Use commas before the conjunction that connects the items. Do I use one, two, or three teaspoons of sugar?

More Uses for Commas Use a comma to separate simple sentences in a compound sentence. Whales live in the ocean, but they are not fish. Use commas to set off an appositive, a word or group of words that identify or explain the noun that they follow. Blue whales, the fastest kind, are found in all oceans. Use a comma after introductory words like well, yes, and no at the beginning of a sentence. Yes, I have seen a finback whale. Use commas to set off noun in direct address, the name of a person who is directly spoken to. Jerry, have you read Island of the Blue Dolphins?

Commas Examples Red, yellow, orange, green, and blue are five of the colors in the rainbow. How many parts does an insect’s body have, Paul? No, ants cannot live at the North Pole. Some insects help humans, but others are very harmful. The honeybee, a stinging insect, makes honey.

Abbreviations Abbreviation: a shortened form of a word Most abbreviations begin with capital letters and end with periods. Abbreviations are often used in addresses or to save space. Not all abbreviation have capital letters or periods. Common Abbreviations Place Names: Apt. = Apartment Ave. = Avenue Businesses and titles: Co. = Company Measurements: in. = inch ft. = feet State Abbreviations: PA = Pennsylvania Mt. = Mount or Mountain Inc. = Incorporated R. N. = Registered Nurse mph = miles per hour NY = New York Agencies and organization: NPR = National Public Radio CA = California

Abbreviations Examples Fifth Avenue = Fifth Ave. Fun Games, Incorporated = Fun Games, Inc. Garden State Parkway = Garden State Pkwy. Mount Washington = Mt. Washington Post Office Box 871 = P. O. Box 871 Apartment 3 -A = Apt. 3 -A

Titles When you write the titles of books, magazines, newspapers, songs, and other works, you must treat them in special ways. Capitalize the nouns, verbs, and other important words in a title. DO NOT capitalize short words such as a, an, the, and, or, at, to, up, and for unless they begin or end a title. “The Mouse That Won the Race” Titles of books, magazines, newspapers, and movies are underlined in writing. In print, they are in italics. IN WRITING: She reads the Washington Post on the train. IN PRINT: We started a magazine called The Sport Report. Titles of short stories, articles, songs, book chapters, and most poems should be enclosed in quotation marks. The third chapter is called “Planting Your Garden. ”

Titles Examples the necklace (short story) = “The Necklace” to be a clown (article) = “To Be a Clown” live it up (book) = Live It Up New York Times readers live all over the world. At the school festival, we sang “Moon River. ”