Earthquakes An earthquake is The shaking of the
![Earthquakes Earthquakes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-1.jpg)
![An earthquake is… • The shaking of the earth’s crust caused by a release An earthquake is… • The shaking of the earth’s crust caused by a release](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-2.jpg)
![A fault is… • A break in the lithosphere along which movement has occurred. A fault is… • A break in the lithosphere along which movement has occurred.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-3.jpg)
![• Focus: the point at which the rock first breaks and moves in • Focus: the point at which the rock first breaks and moves in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-4.jpg)
![Primary Waves • Called P waves • Compression waves- squeeze and stretch rock (Push Primary Waves • Called P waves • Compression waves- squeeze and stretch rock (Push](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-5.jpg)
![Seismic Waves • The energy released in an earthquake travels in waves. There are Seismic Waves • The energy released in an earthquake travels in waves. There are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-6.jpg)
![Secondary Waves • S waves • Side to Side movement. • Can travel only Secondary Waves • S waves • Side to Side movement. • Can travel only](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-7.jpg)
![Surface Waves • Seismic waves that travel along Earth’s Surface • When P and Surface Waves • Seismic waves that travel along Earth’s Surface • When P and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-8.jpg)
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![Measuring Earthquakes • Seismograph: Instrument used to measure an Earthquake • Seismogram: The paper Measuring Earthquakes • Seismograph: Instrument used to measure an Earthquake • Seismogram: The paper](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-10.jpg)
![The S-P Time Interval is the time between the start of the p wave The S-P Time Interval is the time between the start of the p wave](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-11.jpg)
![Locating Earthquakes • Because P waves and S waves travel at different speeds, speeds Locating Earthquakes • Because P waves and S waves travel at different speeds, speeds](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-12.jpg)
![Locating Earthquakes • If you know the distance an earthquake occurred from at least Locating Earthquakes • If you know the distance an earthquake occurred from at least](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-13.jpg)
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![Earthquake Magnitude: strength measured by the amount of released energy • Richter Scale by Earthquake Magnitude: strength measured by the amount of released energy • Richter Scale by](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-16.jpg)
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![Earthquake Hazards • Fire: Causes the most damage in an Earthquake, some utility lines Earthquake Hazards • Fire: Causes the most damage in an Earthquake, some utility lines](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-18.jpg)
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- Slides: 20
![Earthquakes Earthquakes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-1.jpg)
Earthquakes
![An earthquake is The shaking of the earths crust caused by a release An earthquake is… • The shaking of the earth’s crust caused by a release](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-2.jpg)
An earthquake is… • The shaking of the earth’s crust caused by a release of energy • Earthquakes can be caused by: – 1. Eruption of a volcano – 2. Collapse of a cavern – 3. Impact of a meteorite – 4. Strain built up along boundaries between plates
![A fault is A break in the lithosphere along which movement has occurred A fault is… • A break in the lithosphere along which movement has occurred.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-3.jpg)
A fault is… • A break in the lithosphere along which movement has occurred. Most earthquakes occur in this way. – Friction between plates prevents them from moving, so strain builds up. The rock deforms. Eventually, the strain becomes great enough that the rock moves, and returns to normal shape. This causes an earthquake (elastic rebound theory).
![Focus the point at which the rock first breaks and moves in • Focus: the point at which the rock first breaks and moves in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-4.jpg)
• Focus: the point at which the rock first breaks and moves in an earthquake. Below the surface. • Epicenter: the point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus.
![Primary Waves Called P waves Compression waves squeeze and stretch rock Push Primary Waves • Called P waves • Compression waves- squeeze and stretch rock (Push](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-5.jpg)
Primary Waves • Called P waves • Compression waves- squeeze and stretch rock (Push and Pull) • Can travel through any material- solid, liquids, and gases • Travel the fastest
![Seismic Waves The energy released in an earthquake travels in waves There are Seismic Waves • The energy released in an earthquake travels in waves. There are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-6.jpg)
Seismic Waves • The energy released in an earthquake travels in waves. There are three types: – Primary waves (P waves) – Secondary waves (S waves) – Surface waves (Love and Rayleigh)
![Secondary Waves S waves Side to Side movement Can travel only Secondary Waves • S waves • Side to Side movement. • Can travel only](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-7.jpg)
Secondary Waves • S waves • Side to Side movement. • Can travel only through solid material, not liquids or gases • Travel a little more than half the speed of P waves
![Surface Waves Seismic waves that travel along Earths Surface When P and Surface Waves • Seismic waves that travel along Earth’s Surface • When P and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-8.jpg)
Surface Waves • Seismic waves that travel along Earth’s Surface • When P and S waves reach the surface, they make Surface waves • There are two types, types Love waves and Rayleigh waves • Cause lots of damage
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![Measuring Earthquakes Seismograph Instrument used to measure an Earthquake Seismogram The paper Measuring Earthquakes • Seismograph: Instrument used to measure an Earthquake • Seismogram: The paper](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-10.jpg)
Measuring Earthquakes • Seismograph: Instrument used to measure an Earthquake • Seismogram: The paper record of the Earthquake data (shaking) is called a seismogram
![The SP Time Interval is the time between the start of the p wave The S-P Time Interval is the time between the start of the p wave](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-11.jpg)
The S-P Time Interval is the time between the start of the p wave and the s wave.
![Locating Earthquakes Because P waves and S waves travel at different speeds speeds Locating Earthquakes • Because P waves and S waves travel at different speeds, speeds](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-12.jpg)
Locating Earthquakes • Because P waves and S waves travel at different speeds, speeds the difference in their arrival times can be used to determine the DISTANCE away an earthquake occurred.
![Locating Earthquakes If you know the distance an earthquake occurred from at least Locating Earthquakes • If you know the distance an earthquake occurred from at least](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-13.jpg)
Locating Earthquakes • If you know the distance an earthquake occurred from at least three different seismic stations, you can determine the location of the epicenter. • Triangulation: Using the S-P time interval data from 3 stations to determine the epicenter
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![Earthquake Magnitude strength measured by the amount of released energy Richter Scale by Earthquake Magnitude: strength measured by the amount of released energy • Richter Scale by](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-16.jpg)
Earthquake Magnitude: strength measured by the amount of released energy • Richter Scale by Charles Richter • Each increase in number represents 10 x an increase in power. • Example: a 4. 0 is ten times stronger than a 3. 0
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![Earthquake Hazards Fire Causes the most damage in an Earthquake some utility lines Earthquake Hazards • Fire: Causes the most damage in an Earthquake, some utility lines](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/6e792320e80070fce597fb673435f22f/image-18.jpg)
Earthquake Hazards • Fire: Causes the most damage in an Earthquake, some utility lines and roads get damaged • Liquefaction: When the ground turns to quicksand due to the shaking • Tsunamis: Are caused by underwater earthquakes that make a big wave.
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Http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/
Shaking percussion instruments
We will not be moved you're standing with us
Tonic vs clonic
Elastic rebound
Why some earthquakes cause more damage than others
Btn earthquakes
Causes of earthquake in points
Chapter 8 earthquakes and earth's interior answer key
A large crack in the earth formed by a river or earthquakes
Liquefaction occurs when seismic waves cause __________.
Why do earthquakes occur
Frequent earthquakes in an area may indicate *
Chapter 8 section 1 what are earthquakes
The point on the ground directly above the focus
Earthquakes
Chapter 8 earthquakes and earth's interior
Types of faults
Two types of body waves
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Explain natural disaster