Articles of ConfederationU S Constitution Articles of Confederation

Articles of Confederation/U. S. Constitution

Articles of Confederation • ______– rules and laws that form a government • _____– 2 nd Continental Congress – began work on creating government • Were influenced by English Law –_______ – and _______ • ________– citizens elect ________responsible to the _____ • ___________– even ____had to obey the law, no one has total power • _____– Right to _____– taxpaying or propertyowning white _____ • ______________– America’s first ______(plan of government) – Committee of ___

• National government would be a _____ • States would join in a ______– loose union – states would have more ______than national govt. • A. All states had to _______(approve) before it became ______ • B. __out of ___states had to agree on new laws or major decisions • C. All 13 states had to agree to ____(change or add) the articles • D. Only _______had the power to tax and enforce law • E. No real ____– 3 person committee chosen by Congress – very limited powers

• F. _______(one house) legislature – each state had ____vote • G. No system of national ____ H. Weaknesses – no____, could not regulate_______, national congress responsible to the state _______– not the ____ • I. Powers of national government – could make and borrow______, foreign ____(wage war, make peace), _______affairs • J. Articles are not ____until March of ______– disputes over land claims • Land ______of _____/Northwest ______of ______– created a system for bringing new states into the country – had to have a population of 60, 000

Problems in the New Nation • 1. National government could do little to enforce laws or protect citizens • 2. _______problems • A. ____– taxes on imported and exported goods • B. _____was forcing U. S. to pay high tariffs on goods sold in Britain • C. Britain closed many ______to Americans and forced them to use British ______ • D. Confederation Congress could not pass _____to punish Britain

• 3. Congress could not regulate_________ • 4. Each state printed its own ____– many began printing large amounts of ______money to pay off war debts • 5. _____– increased prices on goods and services – reduced value of money • 6. ______– period of low economic activity and high unemployment • 7. ______– people who owe money or taxes • 8. ______– people who lend money • 9. ____Rebellion – September 1786 • 10. Many people in the states saw that the Articles were not working • New Constitutional _______would be held in _______in May of 1787

Constitutional Convention • 1. Philadelphia Convention • A. Date – May_______ • B. Purpose – To discuss ______issues and _______Articles of Confederation – James_____, Alexander ______ • C. Plan –____Articles to give national government increased _____to solve nation’s problems • D. Decision – create a new plan of government (Constitution)

Virginia Plan – written mostly by Madison – Large-state plan • A. _______Branches of government • 1. ______–_____the laws – Two-house (_________) legislature • 2. ______– carries out and _____laws – _____and his _____(advisors) • 3. _____–______the laws – court system (________) • B. James Madison • 1. Known as the _____of the Constitution • 2. His proposal – system of _________between the branches so no one branch would control the entire government

• C. Congress – Bi-cameral – number of representatives based on state ______ 1. Division – How elected • A. Lower house –_____________– elected by the eligible voters of each state • B. Upper House –_______– elected by lower house • Conflict – The larger a state’s population, the more representatives it would have. Smaller states thought it was unfair since larger states would control the Congress

New Jersey Plan – William Paterson – Small-state plan • A. What was the plan? One-house (Uni-cameral) legislature – each state would send the _____number of representatives – equal representation • B. Who proposed the plan? _____states like New Jersey, Delaware etc. • C. How elected? Representatives would be chosen by the state _______ *This plan was very much like the Articles of Confederation

The Great Compromise • Also called the Connecticut Compromise – _________– took parts of both plans • A. From the Virginia Plan –__________– lower house representation based on population – elected by the people to represent the people – rest of government as proposed by Madison • B. From the New Jersey Plan – Upper house would have ______representation –_____reps per state – chosen by state legislatures to represent states

Three-Fifths Compromise • A. What was the Compromise? For every five slaves, ______would count for ______and ___________ • B. Who benefited? _______States • C. How did they benefit? ______representation in Legislative branch – also meant more influence in choosing President • Three-fifths compromise acknowledges that slavery exists – Slavery is never specifically mentioned in Constitution until _____Amendment in_______

Role of the President • A. ____________of armed forces and responsible for ____relations (dealing with other countries), also sets guidelines for _______policies (our country) • B. ______Power • C. Also appoints ____and other federal _____– Supreme Court and Cabinet (advisers) • Can be elected to _____4 -year terms • Must be ___and a natural-born citizen

Williamson’s Contributions • Hugh _______– NC delegate to Constitutional Convention – ________(opposed to strong national government) • A. ___________– removal of President for wrong-doing • B. Two-thirds ______vote would override a Presidential______

Trade Compromise • • A. Issue – Who would control ______trade? North – wanted______ South – Each ____should set its own rules B. Compromise –______had the power to control _______with other countries and could tax____, but not____. Congress could not do anything about the _______trade for 20 years. After that, it would be outlawed. Congress could regulate trade between the _____ • Constitution becomes law in ____when _________becomes ___state to ratify it. • North Carolina –____state to ratify Constitution -____

Ratification of the Constitution • 1. ___________– final political power rests with the_____ • 2. ______– strong _____government that shares power with the ____ • 3. First “political parties” were created • 4. ______ A. Leaders – Alexander Hamilton, James Madison • B. Favored strong ______government with “loose” interpretation of the Constitution • C. Domestic policy(in your country) • I. Supported national ______ • II. Favored high _______to provide money for government • III. Favored _____freedom of ____and press

• • • D. Foreign policy(dealing with other countries) Favored the_______, were opposed to the______ E. ________was not needed – each state constitution would protect individual rights F. Favored by the wealthy, manufacturers, shippers, business people, urban areas 5. ________ A. Leaders – Thomas_____, George______ B. Favored_________, _____national government, “strict” interpretation of the Constitution

• • • C. Domestic Policy I. Opposed to national_____ II. _____should be low III. More ____for the people D. Foreign policy – Favored the French, were opposed to the British E. ________was extremely important to protect the rights of the people – needed to protect the ____from the will of the______ F. Favored by farmers, planters, rural areas 6. NC was mostly_________ 7. Main issue for several states before they would ratify the Constitution was to include a ________to protect the rights of individuals

• 8. _________– additions to the Constitution • A. Have to be approved by ______of Congress, signed by_______, and ratified by _______of states –___amendments today • B. __________– some delegates did not trust the people to elect the President • I. Decided against _______election of the President • II. Each state would choose _____(qualified voters) to elect President and Vice-president • III. Number of electors would be ______to a state’s ________in Congress • IV. Today –_____vote determines how electoral votes are awarded. In most states, _____winner gets ______electoral votes

• 9. Constitution is ratified by all states by ____– world’s _______written Constitution • 10. ______–_______is ratified • George Washington – 1 st president________– dies in 1799 • __________– 1791 -1794

Legislative Branch • _______– two-house legislature – (bi-cameral) • 1. Senate –_____members – each state gets _____ • Elected to a ____-year term – unlimited • Must be___ • 2. ______________– ____members – based on state _______Elected to a ____-year term – unlimited • Must be__

Judicial Branch • ______– has final say on all _____matters – cannot be overruled by President or Congress • ___members – nominated by_____, approved by _______– serve for _____on good behavior