Government Unit 4 The Constitution Monday November 12

Government Unit 4 – The Constitution

Monday, November 12 th • Good morning/afternoon! • Glad you’re here – safe and (hopefully) dry! • As you come in, please: – Sit in your NEW assigned seats! – Turn in your Declaration of Independence assignment – Pick up – your Unit 4 Info Summary and Day 1 Get It, Got It Government, then complete it

Class Updates • This Week – Unit 4 – Constitution – Thursday – tutoring – Friday – summative • All Unit 3 and Unit 4 papers are due before the test • Unit 4 Vocabulary is also due!

Transitioning to Unit Five • Our Unit Four studies ended up with the Declaration of Independence • Our new unit takes us up to and through the development of our nation’s Constitution • To get started, let’s complete a quick review of key historical events which set the stage for the Constitution with a Gallery Walk – Borrow a clipboard if you’d like and go complete your timeline with our Gallery Walk displays

Declaration of Independence • Things You May Not Know!

Today’s Learning Standard SSCG 3 Demonstrate knowledge of the framing and structure of the United States Constitution. a. Analyze debates during the drafting of the Constitution, including the Three-Fifths Compromise, the Great Compromise, and the Commerce Clause. b. Analyze how the Constitution addresses the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. c. Explain the fundamental principles of the United States Constitution, including limited government, the rule of law, federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and popular sovereignty. d. Explain the key ideas in the debate over ratification made by the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists.

Road to the Constitution Gallery Walk • Take a trip down ‘memory lane’ with our Road to the Constitution Gallery Walk!

A Quick Recap History of Government 1780 BC The Code of Hammurabi First written code of law 1290 BC Mosiac Code (from Moses) Stressed moral principles 10 Commandments

A Quick Recap History of Government 400’s BC Athens became the most successful democracy of Ancient Greece 1215 AD Magna Carta English document granting rights to citizens other than the king. It became a model for those wanted democratic governments

A Quick Recap History of Government 1620 AD Mayflower Compact 1 st agreement for self-government in America 1651 AD Thomas Hobbes published Leviathan Supported a sovereign leader who was more caring for their people

A Quick Recap History of Government 1689 AD English Bill of Rights Signed by King William & Queen Mary to protect the civil rights of the English people. 1690 AD John Locke published Two Treatises of Civil Government Believed all people born with basic rights (natural law)

A Quick Recap History of Government 1748 AD Charles de Montesquieu published The Spirit of Laws Believed in different branches of government, separation of powers, checks & balances 1762 AD John-Jacques Rousseu published The Social Contract An agreement between the people and their government. The people would give up certain rights in exchange for protection.

A Quick Recap History of Government 1775 AD Second Continental Congress Americans requested the King to address their concerns. The King ignored their request. 1776 AD January - Thomas Paine published Common Sense Booklet that attacked the concept of monarchy & made a powerful case for independence

A Quick Recap History of Government 1776 AD July 4 th – Declaration of Independence Americans declared their independence from England. Written by Thomas Jefferson. Edited by Benjamin Franklin and John Adams 1777 -1778 AD Articles of Confederation created & signed Our country’s first form of government!

A Quick Recap History of Government 1786 -1787 Shay’s Rebellion Series of uprisings about post-war taxes Highlighted the weakness of the Articles 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia Scrapping the Articles & starting over

Articles of Confederation vs. the Constitution L Confederate system L Unicameral Congress - one vote per state L Powerless to tax L Powerless to regulate foreign & interstate trade L No executive branch to enforce acts of Congress L No national court to settle disputes between states L Amendment: ALL 13 states had to agree - unanimous L 9/13 majority to pass laws ü Federal System ü Bicameral Congress: Senate & House of Representatives ü Congress given power to tax ü Congress given power to regulate trade ü Executive Branch to enforce laws ü Judicial Branch to interpret laws & Constitution ü Amendment: 2/3 Congress + ¾ State Legislatures ü 50%+1 to pass laws

Drafting a New Constitution The Convention Meets • May 25, 1787: convention gets underway with representatives of 12 of the 13 states • Rhode Island, fearing weaker state powers, sent no delegation. • Delegates worked to draft the framework for a new government. • Meetings were held in strict secrecy without press or public. Framers of the Constitution • 55 delegates, known as Framers of the Constitution • One-third had served in the Continental Army. • 8 had signed Declaration of Independence • George Washington, president of convention • James Madison a major influence Delegates gathered in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation, but ended up with an entirely new plan for government.

Some Things Never Change! • Just like today, we had different groups with differing points of view • It’s okay! • We don’t have to agree on everything • But we do need to compromise and get something done!

Back in Time

Getting Everybody to Agree is NEVER Easy! • Our wonderful Constitution was created through hard work, sweat (no AC & windows were closed) and lots of compromise!

First Big Compromise Big Question: How should representation in Congress be set up to make it fair for everyone? States with small populations States with big populations who didn’t want to get VS who wanted BIG muscled out by bigger representation population states

Ratifying the Constitution Debates When the Constitution was finally published, supporters and opponents presented their arguments. • Wanted to ratify, or accept, the Constitution • Believed in a strong national government • Believed th separation of powers in the Constitution limited government power • Popular with the wealthy • Inspired the Federalist Papers, essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, which offered practical arguments for strong government • Feared a strong national government would lead to tyranny and abuse of states’ rights and individual liberties • Did not trust government to protect people’s rights • Popular with farmers and planters • Thought the new government favored the wealthy and educated over ordinary people

The Fight for Ratification Because they did not trust government, the Antifederalists wanted the basic rights of the people spelled out in the Constitution. The struggle over the Bill of Rights became a key focus in the fight over ratification. Winning Over the States • Federalists better prepared • Targeted small states • Delaware first to ratify, December 7, 1787 • Ratification harder in larger, more powerful states • Promise of adding bill of rights key to winning many states • Eventually all 13 states ratified Bill of Rights • First Congress made bill of rights one of government’s first priorities • Ideas for these rights had been voiced in Declaration of Independence, elsewhere • December 1791: 10 amendments, traditionally called the Bill of Rights, ratified • Protected freedom of speech, press, religion, due process, right to fair trial, trial by jury

Ratification • Officially adopted after ratification by New Hampshire. • Once the new government convened, they added a Bill of Rights to the Constitution.

State by State

Important Dates 1787 – Constitution is written 1788 – 9 th state ratified it (New Hampshire) 1789 – Constitution went into effect - George Washington is elected 1790 – Last state to ratify (Rhode Island) 1791 – Bill of Rights added

First President • George Washington (1789 -1797) – Chairman of the Constitutional Convention – chosen President by unanimous consent by the members of the Constitutional Convention – opposed political parties – established tradition of serving only two terms First Vice President • John Adams

Tuesday, November 13 th • Good morning! • As you enter, please: – Sit in your assigned seat – Check out a laptop when you get here to avoid the rush! – Front table – pick up your Day 2 Get It, Got It Government & complete it using your Unit 4 Info Summary

Class Updates • No Advisement Today • Wed-Fri – 45 minute Advisements due to vision screening

Let’s Sway! • Sway is a new Microsoftware that shares a lesson in a new fun format! • On your laptop, go to gpowell 6. weebly. com – Click on Government tab to get dropdown menu – Click on Unit 4 – Constitution to find the link for your Sway. – Have fun going through your Sway and completing your Cornell Notes! • You can move around very easily • I have headphones if you’d like to borrow some!

Progress Reports • While you do your Sway I’ll be sharing updated Progress Reports to help you and your family understand your current grade and if needed, how to bring it up before this semester closes out! • Sign it out today • Bring it back signed by Friday for 25 bonus points

Crash Course: Constitution • Complete your Notes while you watch! • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=b. O 7 FQs Ccb. D 8

Tuesday, November 13 th • Good morning/afternoon! • As you enter, please: – Sit in your seat – Front table – pick up your Day#2 Get It, Got It Government and complete it using your Unit Two Summary

Class Updates

Today’s Learning Standards SSCG 3 Demonstrate knowledge of the framing and structure of the United States Constitution. a. Analyze debates during the drafting of the Constitution, including the Three-Fifths Compromise, the Great Compromise, and the Commerce Clause. b. c. d. Analyze how the Constitution addresses the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. Explain the fundamental principles of the United States Constitution, including limited government, the rule of law, federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and popular sovereignty. Explain the key ideas in the debate over ratification made by the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists.

Separation of Powers • Division of the national government into three co-equal branches • Each branch given specific responsibilities

Checks and Balances System designed to prevent any branch of the national government from becoming more powerful than another branch

Judicial Review • The power of the courts to decide the constitutionality of laws and acts of government • Marbury v. Madison

Federalism • The powers of government are divided between national and state levels • Results in a dual system of government • Each level has some independent powers

Federalism

FEDERALISM NATIONAL GOVERNMENT STATE GOVERNMENTS SHARED POWERS

Federalism • Inherent/Exclusive Powers: Powers given to the national government because it is the only representative of the entire nation (i. e. , war powers) – Delegated/Expressed Powers: Powers written in the Constitution (i. e. , power to regulate trade) • Reserved Powers: Powers of the state government / 10 th Amendment (i. e. , public schools, marriage laws) • Concurrent Powers: Powers shared by both the national and state levels of government (i. e. , power to tax) • Implied Powers: Powers not exactly written in the Constitution - based on the Necessary & Proper Clause

Wednesday, November 14 th • Good morning! • As you come in, please: – Sit in your assigned seat (chart on whiteboard) – Front table - pick up a Day #3 Get It, Got It Government and complete it using your Unit Four Info Summary – Signed Progress Reports – turn in by Friday for bonus points!

Class Updates • Wed-Fri – 45 minute Advisements due to vision screening

Class Updates • Friendly reminders: – Thursday – tutoring after school – Friday – Unit 4 Summative • All Unit 3 and Unit 4 assignments are due • Our Assignment Cover Page will be shared at the end of class today!

Time to ‘Connect the Dots’? • Time to put everything we’ve learned so far together and APPLY it! – Separation of powers • 3 branches of government – Checks and balances • each branch keeping the other ‘in check’ and balanced in power

Our Goal Today • To truly understand how the Framers designed the U. S. Constitution to ensure: – We’d never have another king! – Our country could grow and adapt over the decades in peace and hopefully, prosperity!

Time to Connect the Dots! • All you need is the following: – Your Unit 4 Info Summary – All your Get It, Got It Governments • Everything else – please pack up and put your bookbags/purses up at the front of the class (I’ll guard them for you!)

Additional Resources • Your beautiful new Government textbooks – Page 72 would be helpful! – Our wall displays, too

Friendly Reminder! • Your full and active participation today is essential to ‘connecting the dots’! – FYI -This will be a graded activity…so do your best and earn so great classwork points!

Today’s Learning Standards SSCG 4 Demonstrate knowledge of the organization and powers of the national government. a. Describe the structure, powers, and limitations of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, as described in the Constitution. b. Analyze the relationship between the three branches in a system of checks and balances and separation of powers. SSCG 5 Demonstrate knowledge of the federal system of government described in the United States Constitution. a. Explain and analyze the relationship of state governments to the national government. b. Define and provide examples of enumerated, implied, concurrent, reserved, and denied powers. c. Analyze the ongoing debate that focuses on the balance of power between state and national governments as it relates to current issues. d. Analyze the Supremacy Clause found in Article VI and the role of the U. S. Constitution as the “supreme law of the land. ” e. Describe the roles of Congress and the states in the formal process of amending the Constitution.

Checks & Balances • Each group will get a Practice Mat and a set of descriptor strips. Sort and arrange your descriptor strips to display: – Each Branch’s Constitutional powers – The checks & balances each branch has other the others • Use your Unit 4 Info Summary, Get It Governments & your textbook for reference

Stump Your Classmates! • Now let’s see if you can stump your classmates! • Within your group, move 2 -4 items around to make your display imperfect. – Make sure to write them down so you can remember them all! – Bring your Stump Your Classmates sheet to me & we’ll get started • When instructed, you’ll switch with another team – If they can figure out what’s wrong & why they’ll win prizes – If they can’t figure it out, then YOU win prizes.

Who’s Got the Power? • Within your group, solve the questions on which branch has the power

Who’s Got the Power? • Now each group will be one of our branches of government! • Read your scenario & elect someone to share it with our class in a minute • Each ‘branch’ will read your scenario and the other ‘branches’ have to figure out how to ‘check’ you! • Then you get to figure out what you can do if you’re ‘checked’!

Thursday, November 15 th • Good morning! • As you enter, please: – Sit in your seat for the week – Front table • Pick up Day 4 Get It, Got It Government and complete it • Turn in your signed Progress Report (final due date – tomorrow!)

Class Updates • No Advisement Today • Today & Tomorrow – 45 minute Advisements due to vision screening

Class Updates • Tutoring – today after school • Tomorrow – Unit 4 Summative – All Unit 3 and Unit 4 papers due – Quizlets due – 2 this unit • Vocab • Articles and Amendments

Crash Course • Constitution episode is a great recap of our unit! • Answer the questions as you watch!

Constitutional Dash • Use the Word Bank below to complete your Separation of Powers/Checks & Balances on your graphic organizer Word Bank Writes/Debates bills Signs bills into laws Enforces laws Power of the Purse Determines constitutionality of laws Conducts foreign policy May declare laws unconstitutional Negotiates treaties Confirms presidential appointments Ratifies treaties Commands Armed Forces Reviews lower court decisions Declares war Appoints judges May reject appointments May approve appointments May withhold funding for presidential initiatives Appoints ambassadors and officials May impeach president May override a veto May propose constitutional amendments to overrule judicial decisions May impeach Supreme Court justices May reject appointments to the Supreme Court May veto bills May reject treaties May declare executive actions unconstitutional

Let’s Finish Up Unit Four!

Structure of the Constitution • Preamble: – Statement of purpose • Articles: – I: Legislative Branch – II: Executive Branch – III: Judicial Branch – IV: Relations Among the States – V: Amendment Process – VI: Federal Power/Supremacy Clause – VII: Ratification • Amendments: – 27 Total – 1 st ten are the Bill of Rights

The Preamble 6 Goals: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. form a more perfect union establish justice insure domestic tranquility provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare Secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our posterity.

Remember these from yesterday!

Federalism

FEDERALISM NATIONAL GOVERNMENT STATE GOVERNMENTS SHARED POWERS

Constitutional Powers

Within Each of the Layers…

s r e Che w o P c f k o s & n o i B t a a r l a a n p ces e S

The Legislative Branch • Economic Powers 1. Collect taxes 2. Borrow money 3. Regulate commerce 4. Coin money 5. Punish counterfeiting

The Legislative Branch • Defense Powers 1. Declare war 2. Raise and support armed forces

The Legislative Branch • Other powers… 1. Naturalizing citizens 2. Establishing post offices 3. Securing patents and copyrights 4. Establishing courts 5. Governing the District of Columbia

The Legislative Branch • Elastic Clause: Gives Congress the right to make all “laws necessary and proper” to carry out the powers expressed in the other clauses.

Discussion Question • Why did the Founders want to establish a strong executive branch in the government? • Lack of a strong executive had been a problem under the Articles of Confederation.

The Executive Branch Specific Powers of the President: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Commander in chief of armed forces Appoints heads of the cabinet (Senate approval) Pardon people convicted on a federal crime. Make treaties with foreign gov’ts (Senate approval. ) Appoints ambassadors, federal judges (Senate consent)

Powers of the President 6. 7. 8. 9. State of the Union Message Calls Congress into special session Commissions all military officers Ensures that the laws of the Constitution are “faithfully executed. ”

The Judicial Branch • The United States has a dual court system, federal and state courts, each with its own jurisdiction. • The modern federal court system dates from 1891, but the Supreme Court exercised important power beginning in 1803 by using judicial review in the Marbury v. Madison case.

The Judicial Branch • FEDERAL COURTS: 1. Involve United States laws, treaties with foreign nations, or interpreting the Constitution. 2. Cases involving law at sea 3. Cases involving bankruptcy

Shared Power and Conflict • The executive and legislative branches must cooperate to produce effective policies, but some conflicts are inevitable. • The Supreme Court must depend on the president and the executive branch to carry out its decisions.

Amending the Constitution • Article V provides two methods to amend the Constitution, but only one has been used: Congress proposing amendments and the states’ legislatures ratifying them.

Amending the Constitution Ratifying Amendments • Two ways: 1. ¾ of all state legislatures ratify amendment (Most common method) 2. Each state can call a special ratifying convention - ¾ must approve • Congress sets the method and the amount of time

Power Play