AMERICAN IMPERIALISM 1890 1913 The New Manifest Destiny

AMERICAN IMPERIALISM 1890 -1913 “The New Manifest Destiny”

Causes of American Imperialism § End of the frontier, 1890 – – Expand or explode Natural resources Panic of 1893 Labor violence and agricultural discontent § Foreign trade important to economy – Expansion of markets § Competition with European powers – – – International prestige Europeans = 1/5 land, 1/10 population of the globe “Place in the Sun” for Germany and Italy

Proponents of American Imperialism § Alfred Mahan – “The Influence of Sea Power on History” § Canal Zone § Josiah Strong – “Our Country” § Superiority of Anglo-Saxon § TR and Henry Cabot Lodge – Social Darwinism § Albert Beveridge – “Ordained by God” § “Yellow Journalism” – Hearst and Pulitzer

Pan-Americanism § James G. Blaine – “Big Brother” policy – Pan American Conference, 1889 § Rejected “inter-American” customs § Fear of US dominance

Samoan Islands Crisis § Pago – US versus the Germans (and British) § Naval skirmish, 1889 § American Samoa, included Pago – “coaling stations”

Venezuelan Boundary Dispute, 1895 -1896 § Gold between British Guiana and Venezuela – Disputed territory § Violation of Monroe Doctrine? – Cleveland mediation rejected § Boer War forces Great Britain to arbitration – South Africa

Acquisition of the Hawaiian Islands, 1898 § Biggest imperialist debate in Congress – American planters vs. Queen Liliukalani, 1893 § Sugar Tariffs – Cleveland opposes § Use force to unseat Americans? § Public opinion against Cleveland – Need harbor for Spanish American War

Cuban Insurrectos, 1890 s § Atrocities in Cuba by Spanish – Cuban workers bore the brunt of Wilson –Gorman Tariff, 1894 § Reconcentrado camps – 100, 000 dead between 1896 -1898 – “Butcher” Wyler § Yellow Journalism – Hearst and Pulitzer § “You supply the pictures, I’ll supply the war” § Battleship USS Maine – de Lome letter – Explosion of Maine in Havana Harbor – “To Hell with Spain, remember the Maine”!

Spanish-American War, 1898 § Mc. Kinley reluctant to go to war – Pushed by public opinion (Yellow Journalism) – Spain agrees to Cuban independence – Teller Amendment § Admiral Dewey victorious at Manila Bay – – – TR involved as Secretary of Navy Spanish fleet “hollow” Emilio Aguinaldo, freedom fighter § Pearl Harbor needed for military use – Annexation of Hawaiian islands § Treaty of Paris, 1898 – Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Platt Amendment in Cuba – Insular Cases ****

American Imperialism in Asia § Open Door Policy in China, 1899 – “spheres of influence” – Open trade between European powers § Boxer Rebellion, 1900 – “Foreign Devils” – American indemnity § Russo-Japanese War, 1905 – TR receives Nobel Prize (Treaty of Portsmouth) § San Francisco Schoolboard Incident – Gentlemen’s Agreement § American-Japanese Relations – Root-Takahira Agreement, 1908 – “Great White Fleet” – Lansing-Ishii Agreement, 1917 § “Dollar Diplomacy” (Taft)

The Great War Begins!!!! 1914 § What do ya know about The Great War? – Remember your World History…?