453 Chapter 2 Sounds of Todays English Making

453 Chapter 2 Sounds of Today’s English

Making Consonants n Place of articulation n Where you make a sound n n Illustration page 23 Manner of articulation n How you make a sound n Chart page 25

Making Vowels n Tongue Position n Relative to roof of mouth n n Position of highest part n n High, mid, low Front, central, back Chart – Page 27

Vocabulary n Thongs n n Diphthong Monophthong IPA Phonemic Contrast

Kinds of Sound Change n n n Assimilation Dissimilation Elision Intrusion Metathesis

Causes of Sound Change n n n Substratum/Superstratum Theory Phonological Space Ease of Articulation Folk Etymology Hypercorrection Overgeneralization

It sounds the same… n n Phoneme Allophone Complementary distribution Free variation

Exercises n n n n 2. 1 Review Only 2. 2 All 2. 3 All 2. 4 All 2. 5 Some of each 2. 6 All 2. 7 All 2. 8 All n n n n 2. 9 -11 2. 12 2. 13 2. 14 -25 2. 26 2. 27 2. 28 Some All Some Skip

2. 5 Contrastive Sets The following sets show variation in (1) the vowel (2) the initial consonant and (3) the final consonant. Add words to complete each set. (1) [i] leak [I] lick [o] ___ feel fill foal lead ___ beat ___ peel pit ___ meat ___ keyed ___ bead ___ pooh new rue Poe ___ pay ___ pain ___ pore ___ pill ___ pail ___ lip ___ ape ___ ripe ___ cap ___ sip ___ rap ___ lope ___ (2) [p] pie [n] nigh [r] rye (3) [p] reap [t] ___ [k] ___

2. 12 Complete the following charts by writing the phonetic symbols in the appropriate boxes to show the place of articulation. Fill in as many as you can.