Zoonotic Diseases Zoonoses From the Greek Zoon Animal

Zoonotic Diseases

Zoonoses From the Greek: Zoon: Animal Noson: Diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans - WHO 1959

Definition • Infectious diseases that are primary infection of vertibrate animals, which can be naturally transmitted to humans

Bacterial zoonotic diseases Disease Causative agent Animal Anthrax B. anthracis Herbivores Plague Y. pestis Rat Brucellosis Brucella sp Sheep, goat, camel Leptospirosis Leptospira Rodents Salmonellosis Salmonella sp Poultry Bovine tuberculosis M. bovis Cow Endemic typhus R. typhi Rodents tularaemia Francisella tularensis rabbit

Viral zoonotic diseases Disease Animal Rabies Dog Yellow fever Monkey Japanese B encephalitis Pig KFD Monkey Chikungunya Monkey pox Monkey Prion diseases Cattle Hemorrhagic fevers Rodents, cattle, wild animals Influenza Pig, bird

Fungal zoonotic diseases Disease Causative agent Zoophilic dermatophyte T. verrucosum M. canis Animal Horse, dog, poultry

Parasitic zoonotic diseases Disease Animal Toxoplasma Cat Leishmania Dog Taenia Pig, cattle Echinococcus Dog Cryptosporidium Cattle Fasciolopsis buski Pig, cattle

Zoonoses: Animal Species • Dogs & Cats – – Rabies Roundworm Ringworm Cat Scratch Disease • Food Animals – Salmonella – E. coli – Brucellosis

Zoonoses: Animal Species • Birds: – Psittacosis – West Nile virus – Eastern Equine Encephalitis • Reptiles, Fish, & Amphibians – Salmonella – Mycobacterium • Wild Animals – – Hantavirus Plague Tularemia Lyme Disease

Zoonoses • Common (of 1, 407 human pathogens) – 58% are zoonotic – 70% of emerging diseases are zoonotic • Occur in numerous animal species • Very diverse – Severity – Transmission dynamics • Difficult to predict changes in incidence

Zoonoses • Risk factors should be considered in ill patients – Animal ownership and contact – Activities bringing humans into contact with animals • Discuss appropriate pet species for appropriate individuals • Animals as sentinels of disease