ZOO 115 Invertebrate Zoology Subphylum Crustacea Arthropoda Subphylum

ZOO 115 Invertebrate Zoology Subphylum Crustacea

Arthropoda – Subphylum Crustacea n n n ~ 42, 000 species Major trophic link between primary producers (phytoplankton) and higher level consumers Mostly aquatic Three part brain Two pair of antennae n n Antennae Tactile Chemosensory Many legs Mostly separate sexes http: //www. mov. vic. gov. au/crust/lobbiol. html

Subphylum Crustacea Shrimps and shrimplike animals

Subphylum Crustacea Lobsters and crawfish

Subphylum Crustacea Crabs

Class Branchiopoda Order Anostraca n n n Can tolerate desiccation and high salinity 15 -30 mm in length Elongate shrimp-like bodies without a carapace Have stalked compound eyes Most are suspension feeders n n n Swim ventral side up Use their thoracic appendages for capturing food particles Food is passed to a central groove, encased in mucus and moved forward to mouth. Gonochoric Nauplius larvae http: //meso. spawar. navy. mil/ Newsltr/Images/fairyshrimp. j http: //www. gslyc. org/images/FAQ/ARTEM 2. jpg pg http: //www. palaeos. com/Invertebrates/Arthropods/Images /nauplius. jpg Fairy shrimp Brine Shrimp

Class Branchiopoda Order Notostraca n n n Tadpole shrimps None occur in oceans Feed on organic matter in sediments; some are predators or scavengers Characteristic broad shield-like carapace and long caudal rami Triops considered a major pest in rice fields Order Notostraca Triops (tadpole shrimp) http: //www. museumonline. at/2000/bratislava/aqua/ Aqua. Slowakisch/Triops. Site/Triops. JPG

Class Branchiopoda Order Diplostraca n n n Clam shrimps and cladocerans Mostly freshwater Scavengers, predators, detritivores, and suspension feeders Well developed clam-like carapace All have a dorsal organ that could function as: n n Salt gland Neck Gland Adhesion Swim with their powerful second antenna http: //homepage. univie. ac. at/erich. eder/UZK/bilder/et 1. jpg http: //www. gpmatthews. nildram. co. uk/animalcules/ D_pulex_09. jpg Conchostraca Clam shrimp Cladocera Daphnia (water flea)

Class Branchiopoda Order Diplostraca n Sexes n n Type of reproduction n Hermaphroditism Gonochorism Parthenogenesis in Cladocera Monosexual Parthenogenesis Bisexual reproduction normal sexual reproduction Eggs n n Summer - thin-shelled Winter - resting Normal conditions n n Females make eggs that hatch without fertilization and become females (2 N) When environmentally stressed n Females produce eggs that hatch into haploid males. n Once the males become mature, the Cladocerans can reproduce sexually.

Cladoceran – reproductive strategies Population all females http: //www. gpmatthews. nildram. co. uk/ani malcules/D_pulex_09. jpg Stable conditions Egg Cladocera Daphnia (water flea) Produces Female identical to adult

Cladoceran – reproductive strategies Population all females http: //www. gpmatthews. nildram. co. uk/ani malcules/D_pulex_09. jpg Egg Cladocera Daphnia (water flea) Mates with female Swims to new area Produces Male Unstable conditions Produces new females Produces but different genetically Female from adult

Subphylum Crustacea Class Malacostraca n n n Number of segments Appendages n n Head - 5 Thorax - 8* (unique to this swimming and copulation Class and Remipedia) n n Abdomen - 6* Telson - 1 http: //mainegov-images. informe. org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/ http: //mainegovmages. informe. org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/ lobster_dorsal_view. jpg Head - sensory and feeding Thoracic - crawling or grasping Abdominal * Usually Antenna Pleopod Telson Mandible Maxilliped

Class Malacostraca Order Stomatopoda n n n Mantis shrimps Specialized predators No cephalothorax n n Stalked compound eye naupliar eye Head, thorax and abdomen Two large stalked compound eyes and a third medial naupliar eye http: //www. dpo. uab. edu/~acnnngh m/BY 255 LImages/Arthro poda/Squillaempusa-1. jpg

Class Malacostraca Order Stomatopoda n Triramous antennae n Specialized prehensile raptorial claws n n n Has abdominal gills like isopods Enormous digestive cecum Very well developed heart and hemal system http: //www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/arthropoda/crustacea/m alacostraca/eumalacostraca/ stomatopodamm. html

Class Malacostraca Order Euphausiacea n n Krill All pelagic Major source of food for whales, squids and fishes Thoracic gills external to carapace http: //www. awi-bremerhaven. de/Eistour/krill-d. html Feeding basket

Class Malacostraca Order Decapoda n Shrimp-like n n IO Caridea (shrimp) SO Dendrobranciata SF Penaeoidae (prawns) IO Stenopodidea Lobster-like n n n IO Astacidea (lobster) IO Palinura (spiny and slippery lobster) IO Thalassinidea (ghost shrimp) Note than third segment is NOT on top of segments 2 and 4 Carid Shrimp Palinura – note that the first three periopods are NOT chelate Carid Thalassinidea Shrimp – Ghost shrimp Phyllosoma larve Astacidea - First three periopods chelate Penaeid Shrimp http: //ccma. nos. noaa. gov/products/biogeography/efh/gom-efh/pazte. gif http: //www. mov. vic. gov. au/crust/images/crusties/other 1/z 0000249. jpg Stenopodidea http: //www. fao. org/docrep/T 0726 E/t 0726 e 0 o. gif http: //www. crustacea. net/crustace/images/caride-3. gif Cleaner shrimp http: //www. fa. gov. tw/eng/illustrated/images/a 64 a. gif http: //www. msu. edu/course/isb/202/ebertmay/drivers/Phyllosoma. jpg http: //www. uh. edu/engines/lobsteranatomy. jpg

n Crab-like n n IO Brachyura (True crabs) IO Anomura Brachyura Note that the fifth pleopod is easily visible Anomura – hermit crab Anomuran Porcelain crab zoea http: //www. blue-crab. net/zoea. gif http: //www. afsc. noaa. gov/kodiak/images/photo/crabak_herm. jpg Anomura – note 5 th pleopod is greatly reduced and not readily visible http: //www. njscuba. net/biology/sw_crabs. html http: //www. scielo. br/img/fbpe/rbbio/v 59 n 1/a 09 f 5. gif

Class Malacostraca Order Decapoda n Feeding n 6 pair of feeding appendages n n 1 pr Mandibles 2 pr Maxillae 3 pr Maxillipeds Most predators and/or scavengers, some suspension feeders, some detritivores, some herbivores, some onmivores http: //www. uh. edu/engines/lobsteranatomy. jpg

Class Malacostraca Order Decapoda n Internal anatomy Up to 24 pair of gills http: //mainegov-images. informe. org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/lobster_internal_anatomy. jpg http: //www. vims. edu/adv/ed/crab/guts 20 b. jpg

Class Malacostraca Order Decapoda n Sense organs n n Legs Antennae n n 1 st Stalked compound eye http: //www. indigo. com/software/gphpcd/zoo 73 -76. html

Class Malacostraca Order Decapoda n Chromatophores n Shrimps especially good at changing color http: //tolweb. org/tree/To. Limages/Chromat. gif

Class Malacostraca Order Decapoda n Reproduction n Most separate sexes (gonochoric) Sperm transfer – indirect (spermatophores) Many have copulation n Bachyurans may block fertilization for up to a year following copulation

Class Malacostraca Order Decapoda n Lobster n Life cycle Planktonic larvae of the spiny lobster Phyllosoma larvae http: //mainegov-images. informe. org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/lobster_internal_anatomy. jpg

Class Malacostraca Order Decapoda n Crab n Life cycle http: //www. mdsg. umd. edu/crabs/stock_enhance/fig 4. gif

Class Malacostraca Order Mysida n n Mysid shrimps Most 2 -30 mm n n n Gnathophausia - 35 cm Omnivorous suspension feeders Well developed carapace and tail fan http: //entomology. tfrec. wsu. edu/pearent/images/misc/Crustacea/mysid. gif

Class Malacostraca Order Isopoda n n n Isopods, pill bugs ~10, 000 sp 0. 5 – 50 cm Virtually all habitats Flattened dorsoventrally bioephemera. com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/380353_028542 ead 3. jpg

Class Malacostraca Order Amphipoda n n n n Amphipods ~8000 sp. 1 mm-25 cm In almost every habitat Flattened laterally Carapace absent Gills thoracic Lives in a Salp Gammarid Amphipods Caprellid. Hyperiidea amphipod