Zoltn Simonffy Hungarian Academy of Sciences Research Group
- Slides: 27
Zoltán Simonffy Hungarian Academy of Sciences Research Group for Water Management Implementation of WFD in Hungary - rivers
Content: 1. Typology system in Hungary 2. Identification of River Water Bodies 3. Identification of Hyromorphological risks
1. Typology for rivers in Hungary
Structure of the typology System B is accepted Topography (slope of groundsurface) Size of the catchment area Geology (hydrogeochemistry) Chemical composition Geology (Substratum of the river bed) Sediments and river morphology
Structure of the typology Topography (landscape, elevation, slope) à sub-ecoregions Geology - hydrogeochemistry Geology - substratum à aquatic landscapes Size of the catchment B - typology
Topography Releváns morfológiai jellemzők
Topography > 800 m 200 – 800 m < 200 m
Topography (sub-ecoregion) Mountains Releváns morfológiai jellemzők Hills Plains
Geochemical characteristics Organic: peat Silicious: acidic rocks acidic soils BUT: Ionic composition of water: Everywhere calcerous type in the hilly and flat regions Calcerous: karstic rocks loess calcerous soils
Substratum of the river bed coarse fine medium
Aquatic landscapes Sediments and river morphology
River types Sub-ecoregions, geology Size of the catch. mountainous regions, calcerous coarse small, mountainous regions, silicious coarse small, medium, hilly regions, coarse small medium large very large medium - fine small, medium, large plains, calcerous coarse medium - fine Organic (peaty) regions small medium large, very large, small slope medium, large, very large, small medium
Location of types
2. Identification of river Water Bodies
Natural River Water Bodies Merging neighbouring, short river sections following the typology classifi River sections having <10 km 2 catchment area are not water bodies except if it is recharged by a spring, or it has local importance. Merging related river sections having <100 km 2 catchment area Division of water bodies by important mouths (or country border): Danub Result: 875 natural River Water Bodies
Artificial River Water Bodies Definition: "Artificial water body means a body of surface water created by human activity”. (creating a new water body from previously dry land, e. g. a canal) Selection of canals by considering their ecological importance (discrete expert judgements) Result: 151 Artificial Water Bodies
Artificial River Water Bodies Artificial water courses Artificial Water Bodies
3. Identification of Hydromorphological Risk
METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT OF RISK RELATED TO HYDROMORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS Database of human pressures Estimation of the modified hydromorphological parameters Ecological status based on biological data Rapid ecological survey in selected river sections (65) (different types and different alteration) Criteria for significant alterations obvious: not good status uncertain: possibly not good Designation of significantly status altered river sections (two main groups according to criteria) Water bodies at risk: > 50 % is altered considering only obvious effects Water bodies possibly at risk: > 50 % is altered considering all significant alterations Water bodies not at risk: if non of the above criteria applies to the
DETAILED CRITERIA FOR RESERVOIRS IN MOUNTAINS AND HILLS Upstream impact if no continuty: (Slope < 1: 25, water cover > 10 cm, v< 0, 6 m/s) impact is uncertain, because it depends on species (migration? ) Reservoir itself: Changes in cathegory obvious Downstream impact, if • no bypass, • MLF is below the type-specific value, • frequency of drying is doubled, obvious impact Impacted river section: where the downstream catchment is biger than 50 times the surface of reservoir (excluding catchment of other reservoirs!)
CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT OF HYDROMORPH. RISK IN RIVERS HMR HUMAN ACTIVITY AND ALTERATION ? Dams and reservoirs river section influenced by storage in mount. & hilly areas downstream section of dam in mount. &hilly areas, no continuity, diminished MLF river section influenced by storage in lowland, level >1 m above groundsurface downstream section of dam in lowland, no continuity, diminished MLF upstream section of dam, no continuity (sensitive species? ? ) Impoundment impounded section in mount. & hilly areas, bank-full stage impounded section in hilly areas, lower stage lowland, large rivers, impounded section other lowland rivers, impounded section downstream section of weir, if water regime significantly impacted upstream section of weir, no continuity (sensitive species? ? ) Dikes and dumps ratio of width of floodplain and lowflow river bed < 5 in hills, < 10
CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT OF HYDROMORPH. RISK IN RIVERS HUMAN ACTIVITY AND ALTERATION River regulation ratio of width of high and lowflow river bed < 5 in hills or < 10 in lowland alignment of highflow river bed is not appropriate flow conditions and river bed status not appropriate substratum not appropriate riperian zonation is partly missing Dredging overdredging of river bed dredging of unnecessary frequency or length Bank protection (pavement) pavement > 20 % of highflow river bed, or > 40 % of lowflow river bed pavement between 20 - 40 % of lowflow river bed Water abstraction and deviation frequent water scarcity in summer due to abstraction significant deviation for hydropower generation significant artificial inflow HM R HMR ?
AN EXAMPLE FOR DEFINING HYDROMORPHOLOGICAL RISK Total (50%) 15 ( 7. 5) 12 ( 6. 0) 27 (13. 5) Obvious criteria: Uncertain criteria: For Water Body No 1 Obvious impacts: Uncertain impact: 10 4 WB is at risk 14 For Water Body No 2 Obvious impacts: Uncertain impact: 5 10 WB is possibly at risk 15 For Water Body No 3 Obvious impacts: Uncertain impact: 5 7 12 WB is not at risk
CLASSIFICATION OF WATER BODIES ACCODING TO VÍZTEST SZINTŰ OSZTÁLYOZÁS HYDROMORPHOLOGICAL RISK Hydromorphological risk
GROUP OF RIVER WATER BODIES FROM HYDROMORPHOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW All river water bodies: 875 db, 18 488 km Good hydromorphological conditions already 297 db (34%), 6425 km (35%) Possibly at risk (hydromorphological impact is uncertain) 231 db (26%) , 4257 km (23%) 236 db (23%) , 4594 km (25%) Hydromorphological risk (no good status without measures) 347 db (40%), 7796 km (42%)
METHODOLOGY FOR FURTHER ASSESSMENT OF HYDROMORPHOLOGICAL RISK Database of human Survey of ecological status pressures (ECOSURV, 400 sites) Estimation of the modified hydromorphological parameters Evaluation of the results (cluster analysis and filters according to hydromorphological impacts Criteria for significant alterations obvious: no good status (checking) uncertain: possibly no good status (clarification) Repeating designation procedure Checking water bodies at risk Focusing on water bodies possibly at risk - either in good status - or at risk Still uncertain
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