Zig Bee Based Smart Meter Networks Aniqua Z
Zig. Bee Based Smart Meter Networks Aniqua Z. Baset CSCE 813 Internet Security, Spring 2014
Electricity Meters AMR ▪ Automated reading ▪ Total usage Conventional ▪ Manual reading ▪ Total usage Smart meter ▪ Automated reading ▪ Appliance specific usage ▪ Near real-time 2
Why Smart Meters? • Appliance specific real-time usage data • Energy consumption adjust • Renewable energy usage monitoring • Two way communication • Pricing notification • Load control • Power quality monitoring 3
Smart Meter Adoption in US Number of entities reported: 81 Updated on April 1, 2014 Source: Smart Grid Investment Grant (SGIG) 4
Smart Meter Market Forecast Source: Navigant Research 5
Smart Meter Hacks • Reprogram through infrared ports – Widespread incidents of power thefts in Puerto Rico – laptop, an optical converter device and a free downloadable program from internet – According to FBI, former employees of the meter manufacturer and employees of the utility company were involved • Termineter – An open source hacking tool by researchers • Need physical access • Wireless? ? ? 6
Smart Meter Network 7
Zig. Bee: The Wireless Technology for Smart Meters • Global standard for control and sensor networks • Based on IEEE 802. 15. 4 standard • Low cost, low data rate, low power • Wireless Personal Area Networks and device-to-device networks • Mesh network, up to 216 nodes • Maintained by Zig. Bee Alliance • Got it name from Honeybees! 8
Zig. Bee vs. Other Wireless Technologies 9
Zig. Bee Protocol Stack 10
Zig. Bee Applications 11
Zig. Bee Smart Energy Profile • Defines commands and attributes for smart meters, home energy display devices, smart appliances and load control devices • Supports for – – – – Network join, re-join, leave Key establishment Pricing Demand response and load control Metering Messaging Time synchronization • Versions 1. 0, 1. 1, 2, widely used 1. 1 12
Zig. Bee Smart Energy Home Area Network • Every SED shares a preconfigured trust center link key with ESI • Network operations are carried out using network key • Every device in the network establishes a pairwise link key with other devices Smart Energy Device 13
Current Work • Goal: – A formal protocol analysis using automated tool • Analyzed – Network join and key establishment • Tool used – AVISPA (Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications) – HLPSL (High Level Protocol Specification Language) 14
Network Join role sed(S, E: agent, Ktcl: symmetric_key, Join. Req: protocol_id, SND, RCV: channel(dy)) played_by S def= local State: nat, Knwk: symmetric_key init State : = 0 transition 1. State = 0 / RCV(start) =|> State': = 2 / SND({S. Join. Req}_Ktcl) 2. State = 2 / RCV({Knwk'}_Ktcl) =|> State': = 4 end role esi(E: agent, Knwk, Ktcl: symmetric_key, Join. Req: protocol_id, SND, RCV: channel(dy)) played_by E def= local State: nat, S: agent init State : = 1 transition 1. State = 1 / RCV({S'. Join. Req}_Ktcl) =|> State': = 3 / SND({Knwk}_Ktcl) / secret(Knwk, network_key, {S, E}) end role 15
Key Establishment 16
Key Establishment: AVISPA Attack Trace 17
Future Work • Practicality analysis of attack found by AVISPA • AVISPA is not so expressive, analysis using other tool • Analysis of other processes from Zig. Bee Smart Energy Profile 18
Any Question ? ? 19
References • • Natural. News. " How privacy-conscious consumers are fooling, hacking smart meters. ". url: http: //www. naturalnews. com/036476_smart_meters_hacking_privacy. html#i xzz 2 zg 3 XEy. L 2 Zig. Bee Alliance. "Zig. Bee Smart Energy Profile Specification". Revision 16 Kinney, Patrick. "Zigbee technology: Wireless control that simply works. " Communications design conference. Vol. 2. 2003. Zig. Bee Alliance. URL: https: //www. zigbee. org/ Zig. Bee Alliance. "Zig. Bee Specification". http: //www. zigbee. org/Specifications/Zig. Bee/Overview. aspx Zig. Bee Alliance. "Zig. Bee Smart Energy Overview. " http: //www. zigbee. org/Standards/Zig. Bee. Smart. Energy/Overview. aspx The AVISPA project. URL: http: //www. avispa-project. org/ AVISPA, Team. "AVISPA v 1. 1 User manual. " (2006) 20
Image References • • Smart meter adoption in US. URL: https: //www. smartgrid. gov/recovery_act/deployment_status/ami_and_customer _systems Smart meter market forecast. URL: http: //www. energymanagertoday. com/assets/smart-meter-marketpenetration. jpg Zig. Bee vs. other wireless technologies. URL: http: //www. iebmedia. com/images/art_images/ieb 34 wirelessnet 4. gif Zig. Bee protocol stack. URL: http: //www. sanjuansw. com/? p=31 21
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