Zhou Dynasty 1027 256 BC Shang Dynasty ended

Zhou Dynasty 1027 -256 BC Shang Dynasty ended with a slave revolt joined by Shang vassals. The Zhou took over the Shang capital at Anyang. The last Shang king used the skulls of his vanquished enemies as drinking cups. King Wen and his son King Wu finally defeat the Shang.

Zhou Dynasty 1027 -256 BC Artsmia. org

Zhou Dynasty 1027 -256 BC Government The Zhou rule by the Mandate of Heaven which means they had the right to overthrown a bad ruler. Their capital was at Chou-tsung (Tsungchou) in the Wei river valley.

Zhou Dynasty 1027 -256 BC Territory The Zhou’s area of influence was from the Wei River Valley to the China Sea north to Manchuria and south to the Yangtze river.

Zhou Dynasty 1027 -256 BC Occupations Land was cultivated under ownership of hereditary lords. The Well Field System focused on the center plot of land since it was owned by the lord. Work was done on the outer plots after the center plot was done.

Zhou Dynasty 1027 -256 BC Philosophy The Five Classics The Book of Songs (Shih Ching) Consisted of 300 songs or poems

Zhou Dynasty 1027 -256 BC Philosophy The Five Classics The Book of Changes (I Ching) Composed at different periods, it had three line trigrams of complete or broken lines purporting to read the future.

Zhou Dynasty 1027 -256 BC Philosophy The Five Classics Book of Rituals (I-Chi)

Zhou Dynasty 1027 -256 BC Philosophy The Five Classics Historical Documents (Shu Ching) Documented Shang and Zhou Dynasty

Zhou Dynasty 1027 -256 BC Philosophy The Five Classics Spring and Autumn Annals (Ch’un Ch’iu) Record of major events in Lu, the home state of Confucius from 722 -481 BC.

Zhou Dynasty 1027 -256 BC Technology Iron tipped plow blades, spades, axes and crossbow with a trigger mechanism

Zhou Dynasty 1027 -256 BC Video http: //archive. artsmia. org/art-of-asia/history/dynastychou. cfm

Zhou Dynasty 1027 -256 BC Warring States Period 1050 -770 Western Zhou 770 -256 Eastern Zhou

Confucianism Confucius (551 -479 B. C. ) K’ung Fu-tze What is it? The belief that people can be molded and elevated by education and by the virtuous example of others. It is a set of ethical rules, a moral philosophy.

Confucianism Beliefs --placing stress on order --people are born good and inclined to virtue --filial piety-respect for parents --Li (Chinese unit of distance) ritual rites Main Axiom “Do not unto others what you do not want them to do to you” The Analects—Confucius’ main body of work put together by his disciples

Confucianism Followers of Confucius Meng-tzu (Mencius) (c. 372 -c. 289 BC) --lived during the Warring States Period --focused on goodness, human-heartedness, compassion and responsibility for the welfare of others.

Confucianism Hsun-tzu (Xun-Zi) (c. 300 -237 BC) --Human nature is not good, human emotions and desires lead to conflict.

Confucianism Mo-tzu (Mo Zi) --Rival to Confucius --He denounces war and promotes what he calls universal love --He believed that “if everyone would love others as much as he loves himself”, the interests of society would be served. --He was utilitarian and believed that emotions, art, music, funerals and ceremonies were wasteful.

Confucianism http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=AYQ 1 hcp. Ued. U

Taoism --The Tao (Dao) = The Way Basic Axiom—silence, inaction --They urged the acceptance of things as they are --Based on the idea of dualism

Taoism YIN Yang Soft Gentle Intuitive Female Strong Assertive Intellectual Male Taoist Confucianist

Taoism—Yin Yang Circle Smart-kit. com

Taoism Tao te Ching (Classic of the Way) Written by Lao-tzu (The Old One) Those who understand don’t talk; those who talk don’t understand.

Taoism Tao te Ching The Way is void, yet inexhaustible when tapped Emptying one’s heart in pursuit of the Void, that is the exhaustion of all inquires Men should be bland, like melting ice, pure and peaceful like a block of uncarved wood.

Taoism Tao te Ching We put thirty spokes together and call it a wheel; But it is the space where there is nothing that the usefulness of the wheel depends. We turn clay to make a vessel; But it is the space where there is nothing that the usefulness of the vessel depends. We pierce doors and windows to make a house, And it is on those spaces where there is nothing that the usefulness of the house depends. Therefore, just as we take advantage of what is, We should recognize the usefulness of what is not.

Ch’in (Qin) Dynasty 221 B. C. -------206 B. C.

Ch’in Dynasty

Ch’in Dynasty Facts --Smallest and most remote of the Zhou dependencies --They valued frugality, hard work and discipline --Virtually no art, culture, music, literature or theater. Book learning was condemned.

Ch’in Dynasty Government Legalists—influenced by Hsun-tzu’s view of human nature and Mo-tzu’s utilitarianism. Han Fei-tzu—chief essayist of legalism. He stressed the need for severe laws and harsh punishments as the only way to establish order.

Ch’in Dynasty Shi Huang Ti—he built a new capital at Hsian Yang in the Wei River Valley. Policies Primogeniture—(eldest son inherits property and status) was abolished. Slavery—abolished except for domestic servants Laws—applied to all even aristocrats

Ch’in Dynasty Works Projects --Imperial System of roads and canals --His own tomb --The Great Wall

Ch’in Dynasty http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=r 4 ik. Rl. TAox 0

Ch’in Dynasty Ch’in Authoritarianism Burning of books Highly developed police system Travel restricted

Ch’in Dynasty Video http: //www. artsmia. org/art-ofasia/history/dynasty-chin. cfm

Han Dynasty 202 B. C. -------220 A. D.

Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty Liu Bang founded the Han in 202, he was from peasant origins. Han Kao-tsu (High Progenitor) First Emperor

Liu Bang Abolished Retained Restrictions on travel Conscription in the Army Controls on Education Forced Labor for works projects High Taxes

Han Dynasty Han Wu Ti ruled from 141 -87 B. C. Government Ever-Normal Granary System— Prevented famine by collecting grain in good years for sale at controlled prices during lean years

Han Dynasty Government Confucianism the State philosophy. Why?

Government Imperial Exams— Had to learn the Five Classics They helped to lessen corruption, mediocrity and ineffectiveness.

Trade and Commerce Silk Road Silk was the main export from China and was in demand in the West. Chang Ch’ien was captured by a Turkish cavalry group for ten years. He returned in 126 B. C. with grapevine cuttings, alfalfa seeds and news of Rome.

Trade and Commerce

Video Break Han Dynasty http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Fkaxd. GRg Qg. A

Trade and Commerce Parthians the middle men of the Silk Road. They feared direct contact between China and Rome. The Han had met the Parthians in 97 A. D. and told them to turn back.

Han Dynasty Achievements Paper—appeared at the end of the first century B. C. Porcelain—glazed, nonporous ware, aka China. Wheelbarrow—wheel centered in the middle

Achievements Ssu-ma Ch’ien (Simaqien) China’s grand historian, he replaced many of the historical records destroyed by the Ch’in.

Han Sculpture Drum Jar

Han Sculpture Han Dynasty Video http: //www. artsmia. org/art-ofasia/history/dynasty-han. cfm

Han Dynasty Decline and Collapse Emperors of the last century were weak --High taxation --Large land owners taxed less --Peasants fled to the south --Barbarians

The Six Dynasties (220 -589) Period of the Three Kingdoms (220 -290) Shu, Wei and the Wu

Sui Dynasty

Sui Dynasty (581 -618) Sui Wen Ti founded the Sui Yang Ti (604 -618) builds canal from Hangzhou in the south to Kaifeng in the North. He rebuilds the Great Wall

Achievements Gunpowder Coal as a fuel source Magnetized needle for north

T’ang Dynasty (618 -907) Li shih-min—founder of the T’ang, Chinese and Barbarian blood. He takes the title of T’ai Tsung (Tai zong) which means Great Ancestor.

T’ang Dynasty

Government Maintained the Civil Service Exam. Government officials were known as Mandarians. Rule of Avoidance Board of Censors

Government Public Works Rebuilt the roads of the Ch’in and the Han. They included post stations along the road every ten miles to rest or change horses.

T’ang Achievements T’ang Dynasty Video http: //www. artsmia. org/art-ofasia/history/dynasty-tang. cfm

Government Military The T’ang army was led by aristocratic families. Horses were a prized possession. Many mounted warriors had crossbows, lances and swords.

T’ang Art Earthenware with polychrome glaze 725 AD. Glaze is a fine cobalt blue Artsmia. org

T’ang Artsmia. org

T’ang Decline and Collapse --Peasants and small land owners paid the most in taxes --Imperial Land Grants resulted in land not being taxed --Corvee Labor no longer enforced, which was required of all fit males --Mercenaries cost money troops developed loyalty to regional commanders

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