Zeus By Nick Bilogorskiy belogor nickcyphort com Nick

Zeus By Nick Bilogorskiy @belogor nick@cyphort. com

Nick Bilogorskiy Director of Security Research

Agenda o o o 3 What is Zeus Dissecting the malware Attribution Zeus advanced tricks Recommendations

Quick poll Have you heard of Zeus? 4

ZEUS What is it o Zeus is the most successful bankin g malware to date. o Trojan horse targeted at Windows operating systems o Tens of millions of computers worldwide infected 5

ZEUS 7 years old 6

ZEUS Prevalence 7

ZEUS History Zeu. S source code of version 2. 0. 8. 9 leaked 2007 Zeus version 1. 0 8 2008 Apr 2010 Version 2. 0 April 2011 October 2011 Microsoft legal action through a civil lawsuit dubbed Operation b 71 March 2012 Peer to Peer version – Zeus Gameover removes the centralized Cn. C infrastructure December 2013 64 bit version of Zeus appears

ZEUS how does it work delete dropper DROPPER random. exe drop Zbot files DELETE SCRIPT Random. bat C&C SERVER ZBOT Random 2. exe CONFIGURATION random. ofu 9 control communication and updates

ZEUS Architecture The Builder The Configuration File The Exe File The Server 10 • Used to build the exe file • Unique to each owner • URL and encryption key different for each owner • Entry, Static and Dynamic sections • Download URL and exfiltration URL • Unique executable file built by the bot owner • PHP scripts for monitoring and managing bots

ZEUS Builder 11

ZEUS Config • • • 12 url_config url_loader url_server Advanced. Configs web. Filters Web. Fakes

ZEUS PHP backend o Google for “inurl: "cp. php? m=login“ Image: Aditya Sood

ZEUS PHP backend Image: Aditya Sood

ZEUS why is detection hard

ZEUS why is detection hard %APP%Uwirpa %APP%Woyxhi %APP%Hibyo %APP%Nezah %APP%Afqag %APP%Zasi %APP%Eqzauf %APP%Ubapo %APP%Ydgowa %APP%Olosu %APP%Taal %APP%Taosep %APP%Wokyco %APP%Semi 10. 12. 2013 23: 50 19. 12. 2013 00: 10 19. 12. 2013 23: 29 20. 12. 2013 22: 23 20. 12. 2013 23: 03 16. 01. 2014 13: 22 17. 01. 2014 16: 34

Quick poll What is the name of Zeus author? 18

ZEUS Gameover Attribution Image source: FBI 19 According to the FBI, losses are “more than $100 million. ”

ZEUS Gameover Attribution Evgeniy Mikhailovich Bogachev, 30, of Anapa, Russia. nickname “Slavik” , indicted for conspiracy, computer hacking, wire fraud, bank fraud, and money laundering. Bogachev is identified as a leader of a cyber gang of criminals based in Russia and Ukraine that is responsible both Game. Over Zeus and Cryptolocker. 20

ZEUS Jabber. Zeus

ZEUS Jabber. Zeus Attribution 22

ZEUS Jabber. Zeus Attribution Stole more than $70 million from banks worldwide Ringleader, 32 year old Ukrainian property developer Yevhen Kulibaba Karina Kostromina, wife of Kulibaba, 33 year old Latvian woman jailed for money laundering Kulibaba’s right hand man, 28 year old Yuriy Konovalenko 23 Photos from krebsonsecurity. com

ZEUS Business workflow Source: Brian Krebs 24

ZEUS Advanced tricks o o o Steganography Rootkit Anti Debugging Digital signatures New Hooking implementation

ZEUS Steganographic config

ZEUS Necurs rootkit Access is denied when deleting the malware files. 28

Zeus advanced tricks – Anti Debugging o Fake Jumps 29

Zeus Advanced Tricks – Digital Certificates 30

Zeus Advanced Tricks DGA It also employs DGA – Domain Generation Algorithm. DGA is a way for malware to prevent blacklisting of its Cn. C site, where an infected machine creates thousands of domain names such as: www. <gibberish>. com and would attempt to contact a portion of these with the purpose of receiving an update or commands. The technique was popularized by Conficker worm, which generated 50, 000 domains a day. 31

„Man in the browser“

ZEUS why so successful Modularity. Flexibility. Persistence.

ZEUS why is removal hard Registry Key Infector Decrypt & load DLL Inject DLL

ZEUS tell tale signs POST /grace/gate. php HTTP/1. 1 GET /grace/cfg. bin HTTP/1.

ZEUS tell tale signs o Zeus version 2 saves encrypted config in registry o HKCUSoftwareMicrosoft{Random}

ZEUS MALWARE KIT DEMO Demo https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=E 0 TQW 82 o 8 cc

Every platform affected by malware o Windows : Zeus, Cryptolocker, 100+ million malware o Android : Code 4 HK o Linux: Shellshock o Mac: i. Worm Reddit worm s m r o f t a l All p ! k s i r t a are http: //www. securelist. com/en/analysis/204792318/Kaspersky_Security_Bulletin_2013_Overall_statistics_for_2013 http: //www. sophos. com/en us/medialibrary/PDFs/other/sophos security threat report 2014. pdf 39