ZAMG 28 Januar 2004 Wien MAP im Rheintal

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien MAP im Rheintal ---Was wurde gemacht? Was hat es gebracht? Hans Richner Institut für Atmosphäre und Klima ETH Zurich FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien MAP Objectives: 1 a To improve the understanding of orographically influenced precipitation events and related flooding episodes involving deep convection, frontal precipitation and runoff. 1 b To improve the numerical prediction of moist processes over and in the vicinity of 2 acomplex topography, including interactions with land-surface processes. To improve the understanding and forecasting 2 a To improve the understanding and forecasting of the life-cycle of Foehn-related phenomena, including their three-dimensional structure and associated boundary layer processes. including their three-dimensional structure and 2 b To improve the understanding of three-dimensional gravity wave breaking and associated boundary layer processes. associated wave drag in order to improve the parametrization of gravity wave drag effects in numerical weather prediction and climate models. 3 To provide data sets for the validation and improvement of high-resolution numerical weather prediction, hydrological and coupled models in mountainous terrain. FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien 2 a To improve the understanding and forecasting of the life-cycle of Foehnrelated phenomena, including their three-dimensional structure and associated boundary layer processes. Rhine Valley Target Area Brenner Target Area FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien FORM: FOehn in the Rhine Valley during MAP: the composite observing system • gather data necessary for treating objectives defined • as dense as possible • precise in-situ measurements (sporadic) combined with • (maybe less accurate) continuous remote sensing • provide near-real-time data for mission planning • provide quick-look data to researchers FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien FORM: Participating Institutes A: Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik, Wien Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik, Universität Wien Umweltinstitut (Luftreinhaltung) des Landes Vorarlberg, Bregenz F: LMD CNRS/ENS/X/UPMC, Paris Laboratoire d'Aérologie CNRS/UPS, Toulouse D: Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Karlsruhe CH: Meteo. Schweiz, Zürich Meteo. Suisse, Payerne Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie, ETH Zürich Institut für Atmosphäre und Klima, ETH Zürich Observatoire Neuchâtel Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen ad-hoc Einheit der Wetterdienste der Armee FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Upper-air and remote sensing 8 2 5 2 2 radio sondes windprofilers sodars lidars scintillometers constant volume balloons 1 tethered balloon aircraft FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Surface stations “conventional”: ~40 operational 14 additional instrumented car (traverses) instrumented cable car surface flux instrumentation Coordination Center Bad Ragaz headquarter of military troops coordination center for all scientific activity in Rhine Valley communication center data collection center FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien station Julier Pass Dominique Ruffieux Heinz Berger Meteo. Swiss, Payerne purpose: gather information on upstream conditions surface station surface flux wind profiler sodar radiosonde station FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien 55 1309 300 5058 80’ 151 FORM ad-hoc weather unit Swiss Army days soundings persons man-days km with vehicles Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien FORM Kathrin Baumann Ulrike Pechinger Martin Piringer ZAMG, Vienna Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Kathrin Baumann Ulrike Pechinger Martin Piringer ZAMG, Vienna instrument package measured pressure temperature humidity ozone profiling frequency ~30/day resolution 2 sec (~10 m) vertical coverage 550 m FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Kathrin Baumann Ulrike Pechinger Martin Piringer ZAMG, Vienna Comparison cable car - aircraft Baumann K. , H. Maurer, G. Rau, M. Piringer, U. Pechinger, A. Prévôt, M. Furger, B. Neininger, U. Pellegrini, 2001: The influence of south Foehn on the ozone distribution in the Alpine Rhine valley - results from the MAP field phase. FORM Atmos. Environment, 35, 6379 -6390. Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien FORM Dominique Ruffieux Heinz Berger, Meteo. Swiss, Payerne Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien FORM Dominique Ruffieux Heinz Berger, Meteo. Swiss, Payerne Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien RASS: Radio-Acoustic Sounding System cac cem Bragg condition: ac = 2· em cac = 20. 05·sqrt(Tv) FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien FORM Siegfried Vogt, IKF Karlsruhe Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Siegfried Vogt, IKF Karlsruhe 4. 11. 1999 17 UT FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien FORM Siegfried Vogt, IKF Karlsruhe Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Bruno Neininger Metair Menzingen Stefan Gubser Hans Richner IACETH Zurich Met. Air Dimona measured temperature pressure humidity 3 -D wind (. . . plus much more) resolution up to 5 Hz unique dataset along dolphin flight pattern near interface foehn - cold pool FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Stefan Gubser Hans Richner IACETH Zurich assumptions: mean density 1. 0 kg/m 3 mean depth of cold pool 100. m measured: daily mean of surface heatflux 15. W/m 2 typical heat flux on top of cold pool -15. W/m 2 total heat input 30. W/m 2 computed: mean heating rate 3· 10 -4 K/s = 26. K/d ongoing: computation of momentum flux for estimating entrainment FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien trans-Alpine constant level balloon flights FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Bruno Benech, Heinz Berger PTU/wind data along trajectory FORM example of a long trajectory Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien 1 wind lidar 1 backscatter lidar 2 scintillometers (scidars) FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Markus Furger, PSI Villigen scidar FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

Markus Furger, PSI Villigen ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Comparison of wind data scidar - rawinsonde objectives included instrumental development - calibration procedures - evaluation methods - validation with other observations FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Valentin Mitev, Max Frioud, ON Neuchatel Wind lidar Backscatter lidar Philippe Drobinski, Pierre Flamant LMD Palaiseau FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien backscatter lidar FORM Valentin Mitev, Max Frioud, ON Neuchatel o delimit aerosol layers x show maximum within layer Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Valentin Mitev, Max Frioud, ON Neuchatel backscatter lidar Evolution of the Aerosol Backscatter Coefficient during IOP 04 -05 (1 -2/10/1999), resolution appr. 30 min FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Philippe Drobinski, Pierre Flamant LMD Palaiseau LAKE CONSTANCE WALENSEE CHUR FORM wind lidar Oct 29, 1999, 2140 - 2243 Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien 1000 m asl FORM 1500 m asl Philippe Drobinski, Pierre Flamant, LMD Palaiseau 2000 m asl 2500 m asl Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien data quality analyses, high resolution analyses (VERA) and comparison with model output (MM 5) FORM Barbara Chimani Manfred Spazierer Reinhold Steinacker Simon Tschannett IMGW Vienna Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

Guillaume Beffrey, Geneviève Jaubert Météo France ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien — model — obs. meridional wind speed (comparison Meso. NH model with Merlin aircraft observations) validation of model output using data from aircraft leg over Lake Constance FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

Guillaume Beffrey, Geneviève Jaubert Météo France ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien mass flux analyses • major contribution of downward flux in the formation of the foehn jet near the Lake Constance • most intense vertical flux is found in the lee of the Alpine ridge : • minor contribution of the adjacent valleys high TKE FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Marie Lothon, Bruno Benech, LA Lannemezan Turbulent kinetic energy from Merlin flight (scales < 5 km) 20 October 1999, 12 -16 h FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Marie Lothon, Bruno Benech, LA Lannemezan Comparison MESO-NH and Merlin flight 20 October 1999, 12 -16 h The model significantly underestimates total turbulent energy! FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Marie Lothon, Bruno Benech, LA Lannemezan 27 km 9 km 3 km 250 m representation of the Rhine Valley with different resolutions FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Marie Lothon, Bruno Benech, LA Lannemezan 27 km 9 km 3 km observed ff FORM dd Tpot Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Philippe Drobinski, Markus Furger, Christian Haeberli wind speed (lidar) model (meso-NH) wind direction (lidar) wind direction (scintillometer) FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Heinz Berger, Thomas Gutermann Daniel Schneiter, Richard Werner continuous observation of the experiment area by four time lapse cameras FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Heinz Berger, Thomas Gutermann Daniel Schneiter, Richard Werner activities related to imaging: • general dynamics in the valley • studying cloudiness five topics of interest: • number of clouds • extension of clouds • tendency of cloudiness • dynamics of cloud (e. g. growth and decay) • cloud motion and wind (parallel to the slope? ) FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Heinz Berger, Thomas Gutermann Daniel Schneiter, Richard Werner Video Sequence FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

Gabriela Seiz Sierk Bernd Geodesy ETH Zurich ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien piggyback-experiments water vapor spectrometry and radiometry cloud height determination by stereo images FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Efforts for MAP in total: 14 nations 200 scientists ≈ 20 MEUR CH: 3. 4 MEUR in comparison: 0. 2 % FORM: 4 nations 30 scientists if loss can be reduced by only 1 %, MAP was paid back five fold! in the last 10 years (1989 to 1998) losses and casualties only as consequence of intensive precipitation: 60 persons dead 10 GEUR = 10'000 MEUR of material loss FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Disappointments (personal!) • non-participation of important German groups • poor presence of FORM group in the MAP Operation Center ==> only marginal flight coverage • lack of gravity-wave-induced pressure fluctuations FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Hans Richner FORM

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Markus Furger, PSI Villigen Wave structures along the Rhine valley during two Met. Air Dimona flight transects in the morning of 22 October 1999. a) Vertical velocity component. b) Map of the projected flight paths. Red: 0755 – 0801 UTC. Green: 1021 – 1025 UTC. Average flight altitude 1480 m MSL. FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien temperature distribution IOP 5, October 2 06 h 08 h 10 h 12 h 14 h FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien summary and conclusions • composite observing system was optimal • excellent, very dense data set describing the fourdimensional character of meteorological fields before, during, and after foehn events. • numerous (12) foehn cases, several different foehn situations • dilemma with new instrumentation; should it fill gaps or should be collocated for simple comparison? FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien new scientific results are becoming available 2 a To improve the understanding and forecasting of the life-cycle of Foehn-related phenomena, including their three-dimensional structure and associated boundary layer processes. • role of flow from tributary valleys • relation between flux and foehn-”jet” • mechanisms by which cold pool is removed FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien Die Gebirge sind stumme Meister und machen schweigsame Schüler. (Goethe) Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich FORM

ZAMG, 28. Januar 2004, Wien FORM Hans Richner, IACETH Zurich